Recent Advances in the Inverted Planar Structure of Perovskite Solar Cells

Meng, Lei; You, Jingbi; Guo, Tzung Fang; Yang, Yang

doi:10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00404

Cited by 595 publications

(400 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…c | A photovoltaic PEC device for water splitting using mesoporous materials as hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts. n-type materials as bottom and top charge transport layers), with fullerene as the electron transport layer, as a result of ion-movement stabilization 62 . The long-term stability of perovskite solar cells is of increasing interest because of the high PCEs reported.…”

Section: Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesoporous materials for energy conversion and storage devices

2016

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At present, more than 80% of the energy consumed globally is derived from non-renewable fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas. The combustion of these fuels inevitably leads to the emission of CO 2 -a main driver of climate change and other serious environmental effects, including the emission of other dangerous gases. Although mitigating climate change is a multifaceted challenge, one of the pillars of any future low-carbon economy will be a substantially increased dependence on renewable and environmentally friendly energy sources and storage systems. Tremendous progress is being made in developing advanced technologies to meet these challenges. However, to enable the cost-effective, large-scale production of these technologies, further improvement of performance and efficiency is needed. Although unique challenges exist for each technology, the development of functional materials is crucial.Porous solids -in particular, mesoporous solids -are appealing materials in many energy applications owing to their ability to absorb and interact with guest species (including, but not limited to, lithium ions, hydrogen atoms and sulfur molecules) on their outer and inner surfaces, and in the pore spaces 1,2 . According to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) definition, porous materials are classified into three categories according to their pore sizes: micro porous (<2 nm), mesoporous (2-50 nm) or macro porous (>50 nm). Since the first report of mesoporous silica in the 1990s 3,4 , the variety of mesoporous materials available has rapidly expanded, encompassing a very broad range of compositions.Mesoporous materials have exceptional properties, including ultrahigh surface areas, large pore volumes, tunable pore sizes and shapes, and also exhibit nanoscale effects in their mesochannels and on their pore walls. These features are particularly advantageous for applications in energy conversion and storage [5][6][7][8][9][10] . In principle, high surface areas should provide a large number of reaction or interaction sites for surface or interface-related processes such as adsorption, separation, catalysis and energy storage; however, a high surface area does not necessarily translate to an improved performance in applications. Large pore volumes have shown promise in the loading of guest species and in the accommodation of the expansion and strain relaxation during repeated electrochemical energy storage processes. Uniform and tunable mesopore channels facilitate the transport of atoms, ions and large molecules through the bulk of the material, thereby increasing the number of active sites with high accessibility and overcoming the size restriction encountered with microporous materials. In addition, there are fascinating nanoconfinement effects in the voids of uniform mesochannels, which are advantageous in catalysis and energy storage. 3D nanometre-sized frameworks can produce extraordinary nanoscale effects (that is, surface and quantum effects) that result in mesoporous materials with u...

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Section: Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesoporous materials for energy conversion and storage devices

2016

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“…344 After a few years of development only, the perovskite solar cells reach record efficiencies of about 20%. 345 Meanwhile, other potentialities of halide perovskites have been explored. Thanks to their high absorption cross-section, 346 near unity fluorescence quantum efficiency 347,348 and exceptional charge diffusion length, 349 halide perovskites, under bulk, thin films or nanoparticles shapes are a potential game changer in diverse applications such as light-harvesting, 350 photodetection 351 or light-emitting devices.…”

Section: Perovskitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Dimensional Colloidal Nanocrystals

et al. 2016

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Abstract:In this paper, we review recent progresses on colloidal growth of 2D nanocrystals.We identify four main sources of anisotropy which lead to the formation of plate-and sheetlike colloidal nanomaterials. Defect induced anisotropy is a growth method which relies on the presence of topological defects at the nanoscale to induce 2D shapes objects. Such a method is particularly important in the growth of metallic nanoobjects. Another way to induce anisotropy is based on ligand engineering. The availability of some nanocrystal facets can be tuned by selectively covering the surface with ligands of tunable thickness. Cadmium chalcogenides nanoplatelets (NPLs) strongly rely on this method which offers atomic control in the thinner direction, down to a few monolayers. 2D objects can also be obtained by post or in situ self-assembly of nanocrystals. This growth method differs from the previous ones in the sense that the elementary objects are not molecular precursors, and is a common method for lead chalcogenide compounds. Finally, anisotropy may simply rely on the lattice anisotropy itself as it is common for rod-like nanocrystals. Colloidally grown Transition Metal DiChalcogenides (TMDC) in particular result from such process. We also present hybrid syntheses which combine several of the previously described methods and other paths, such as cation exchange, which expand the range of available materials. Finally, we discuss in which sense 2D-objects differ from 0D nanocrystals and review some of their applications in optoelectronics, including lasing and photodetection, and biology.

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“…Noel et al [153] and Dane et al [154] used Lewis bases such as pyridine to treat the perovskite films in order to reduce recombination centers, enhancing the photoluminescence intensity and lifetime. In addition, it has been widely observed that [6,6]-phenyl-C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) molecules, [155,156] either as an interlayer or mixed as bulk heterojunction structure, are able to passivate defects and alleviate or even eliminate hysteresis. [76] Although the defect passivation process significantly enhances the device performance and decreases the hysteresis, it is found that the time interval for charge trapping and detrapping ranges within milliseconds, [157] or even nanoseconds, [158] which is much shorter than the typical time for the hysteretic behavior.…”

Section: Wwwadvancedsciencenewscommentioning

confidence: 99%

Capturing the Sun: A Review of the Challenges and Perspectives of Perovskite Solar Cells

Petrus

Schlipf

Cheng

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

312

201

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following statement: These materials can be processed from solution and yet exhibit optoelectronic materials properties described in classic solid-state physics textbooks. This unprecedented combination has led to photovoltaic devices that can be processed at room temperature and achieve performance levels similar to industry giant polycrystalline silicon, from a starting point of 3.8% in 2009. [1][2][3][4] The first light-emitting electrochemical cells [5] and diodes [6][7][8] have also been introduced recently, leading to tunable light emission spectra and internal quantum efficiencies exceeding 15%.The road towards these achievements has been marked by a constant improvement of perovskite deposition techniques fueled by our increasing understanding of the crystallization processes. The choice of deposition technique, either from solution or vapor, and the composition and order in which precursor species are applied has a great influence on the crystallization kinetics. Here, one can distinguish one-step methods where the perovskite is formed from a precursor mixture dissolved in a common solution, and two-step methods where the inorganic compound is deposited first and transformed to the perovskite phase later by addition of the organic constituents. [9][10][11] Furthermore, many parameters during processing can have an effect on the crystallization mechanism and consequently on film morphology, such as the choice of solvents, concentrations and processing additives that are often not incorporated into the final product. [11][12][13] We discuss this aspect in Section 2, where we focus our attention on the most commonly employed solution-based techniques. Additionally, as for any new technology trying to displace an incumbent technology, higher efficiencies, lower costs, reproducibility, stability, and sustainability are paramount. In particular, reproducibility has been a major challenge in perovskite solar cells from the beginning: small variations in morphology, like crystal size, film roughness, and pinholes can have detrimental effects on photovoltaic performance. [14] On the other hand, current-voltage measurements often showed a hysteresis that is rarely seen in other photovoltaic technologies. [15] These topics are highlighted in Sections 3 and 4. Finally, in Section 5 we discuss the framework for market introduction, such as cost reduction by choosing low-cost charge transport layers, or how the lifetime of perovskite absorbers can be extended by the choice of materials composition.Hybrid metal halide perovskites have become one of the hottest topics in optoelectronic materials research in recent years. Not only have they surpassed everyone's expectations and achieved similar performance as tried and true polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic devices, but they are also finding applications in a variety of different fields, including lighting. The main advantages of hybrid metal halide perovskites are simple processability, compatible with large-scale solution processing such as roll-to-roll printing, a...

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Recent Advances in the Inverted Planar Structure of Perovskite Solar Cells

Cited by 595 publications

References 46 publications

Mesoporous materials for energy conversion and storage devices

Mesoporous materials for energy conversion and storage devices

Two-Dimensional Colloidal Nanocrystals

Capturing the Sun: A Review of the Challenges and Perspectives of Perovskite Solar Cells

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