Recent advances in the field of caloric restriction mimetics and anti-aging molecules

Martel, Jan; Chang, Shwu Fen; Wu, Cheng Yeu; Peng, Hsin‐Hsin; Hwang, Tsong Long; Ko, Yun Fei; Young, John Ding‐E; Ojcius, David M.

doi:10.1016/j.arr.2020.101240

Cited by 47 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…CRMs modulate energy-and nutrient-sensing pathway impinging on many biological mechanisms, including activation of autophagy, enhancement of insulin sensitivity, inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation, and modulation of glucose metabolism [59]. The molecular targets of CR involve sirtuins, acetyl-CoA, activated AMP protein kinase, insulin, and mTOR [60].…”

Section: Caloric Restrictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calorie Restriction for Cancer Prevention and Therapy: Mechanisms, Expectations, and Efficacy

et al. 2021

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Cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed diseases, and despite the continuous efforts in searching for new and more effective treatments, its morbidity and mortality remain a significant health problem worldwide. Calorie restriction, a dietary manipulation that consists in a reduction of the calorie intake, is gaining attention as a potential adjuvant intervention for preventing and/ or fighting cancer. Several forms of energy reduction intake, which includes caloric restriction tout-court, dietary restrictions, and intermittent fasting, are being explored for their ability to prevent or slow down cancer progression. Additionally, another anti-cancer approach being under investigation relies on the use of nutraceuticals known as "Caloric Restriction Mimetics" that can provide caloric restriction-mediated benefits without subjecting the patients to a strict diet. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies consistently show that diet modifiers reducing the calorie have impact on tumor microenvironment and cancer metabolism, resulting in reduced growth and progression of cancer. Preliminary clinical studies show that patients subjected to a reduced nutrient/energy intake experience improved outcomes from chemo-and radiotherapy while better tolerating the side effects. Here, we review the state of the art on the therapeutic potential of calorie restriction and of caloric restriction mimetics in preventing or retarding tumor development by modulating a subset of cellular processes. The most recent clinical progresses with caloric restriction mimetics in the clinical practice are also discussed.

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Section: Caloric Restrictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calorie Restriction for Cancer Prevention and Therapy: Mechanisms, Expectations, and Efficacy

et al. 2021

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“…[Table 11] Table 12 shows the results of determining the antimicrobial activity of alcohol extracts from callus cultures 12] Due to the content of BAS showing antimicrobial and antioxidant properties in alcohol extracts obtained from callus cultures of meadowsweet, this plant can be used as a raw material for the extraction of substances showing geroprotective properties. Such BAS can later be used as additives in functional food products to increase healthy life expectancy (Bhatti et al, 2020;Das et al, 2020;Martel et al, 2021;Muscat and Barrientos, 2020;Zhou et al, 2021).…”

Section: Results Of the Study Of The Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Ac...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of parameters for obtaining callus, suspension, and root cultures of meadowsweet (filipendula ulmaria) to isolate the largest number of biologically active substances with geroprotective properties

et al. 2024

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The study of biologically active substances-secondary metabolites of plants that exhibit geroprotective properties is an actual and popular direction in medicine to prevent early aging. This work aims to select the cultivation parameters for obtaining in vitro cell cultures of meadowsweet containing the largest amount of biologically active substances (BAS) for their further extraction as candidate substances for geroprotectors. To specify the effectiveness of the selected cell culture cultivation parameters, biomass growth for callus and root cultures, growth index, specific growth rate, and viability for suspension cultures was carried out. The study results made it possible to select the nutrient media for the cultivation of cell cultures of meadowsweet. It has been found that the greater the antioxidant activity of the extracts, the greater the antimicrobial properties it exhibits. In this study, cell cultures in vitro and alcohol extracts from the plant Filipendula ulmaria were considered as raw materials rich in candidate substances for geroprotectors. According to the data obtained, the plant is rich in hydroxybenzoic and salicylic acids, spireoside, avicularin, and hyperoside.

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“…However, no realization can exceed what is supposed to be realized, which decreases with increasing age. This is also true for the geroprotector drugs claimed by some authors to mimic the effects of physical activity (Muise et al 2019 ; Hawley et al 2021 ) and/or of dietary calorie restriction (Martel et al 2021 ). Moreover, any such drug can target only a part of molecular interactions actuated by the two physiological intervention.…”

Section: What the Allegedly Anti-aging Interventions Can Really Do If There Is Such Thing As Aging Consistent With The Real Definition Thmentioning

confidence: 91%

An essay on the nominal vs. real definitions of aging

Golubev

2021

Biogerontology

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In the current literature, the definitions of aging range from relying on certain sets of distinctive features at the molecular, organismal, populational and/or even evolutional levels/scales to declaring it a treatable disease and, moreover, to treating aging as a mental construct rather than a natural phenomenon. One reason of such a mess may be that it is common in the natural sciences to disregard philosophy of science where several categories of definitions are recognized, among which the nominal are less, and the so-called real ones are more appropriate in scientific contexts. E.g., water is, by its nominal definition, a liquid having certain observable features and, by its real definition, a specific combination (or a product of interaction) of hydrogen and oxygen atoms. Noteworthy, the real definition is senseless for people ignorant of atoms. Likewise, the nominal definition of aging as a set of observable features should be supplemented, if not replaced, with its real definition. The latter is suggested here to imply that aging is the product of chemical interactions between the rapidly turning-over free metabolites and the slowly turning-over metabolites incorporated in macromolecules involved in metabolic control. The phenomenon defined in this way emerged concomitantly with metabolic pathways controlled by enzymes coded for by information-storing macromolecules and is inevitable wherever such conditions coincide. Aging research, thus, is concerned with the elucidation of the pathways and mechanisms that link aging defined as above to its hallmarks and manifestations, including those comprised by its nominal definitions. Esoteric as it may seem, defining aging is important for deciding whether aging is what should be declared as the target of interventions aimed at increasing human life and health spans.

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Recent advances in the field of caloric restriction mimetics and anti-aging molecules

Cited by 47 publications

References 90 publications

Calorie Restriction for Cancer Prevention and Therapy: Mechanisms, Expectations, and Efficacy

Calorie Restriction for Cancer Prevention and Therapy: Mechanisms, Expectations, and Efficacy

Optimization of parameters for obtaining callus, suspension, and root cultures of meadowsweet (filipendula ulmaria) to isolate the largest number of biologically active substances with geroprotective properties

An essay on the nominal vs. real definitions of aging

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