Recent advances in the detection of respiratory virus infection in humans

Abstract

Respiratory tract viral infection caused by viruses or bacteria isone of the most common diseases in human worldwide, while those caused by emerging viruses, such as the novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV that caused the pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China most recently, have posed great threats to global public health. Identification of the causative viral pathogens of respiratory tract viral infections is important to select an appropriate treatment, save people's lives, stop the epidemics, and avoid unnecessary use of antibiotics. Conventional diagnostic tests, such as the assays for rapid detection of antiviral antibodies or viral antigens, are widely used in many clinical laboratories. With the development of modern technologies, new diagnostic strategies, including multiplex nucleic acid amplification and microarray-based assays, are emerging. This review summarizes currently available and novel emerging diagnostic methods for the detection of common respiratory viruses, such as influenza virus, human respiratory syncytial virus, coronavirus, human adenovirus, and human rhinovirus. Multiplex assays for simultaneous detection of multiple respiratory viruses are also described. It is anticipated that such data will assist researchers and clinicians to develop appropriate diagnostic strategies for timely and effective detection of respiratory virus infections. K E Y W O R D S adenovirus, coronavirus, diagnostic methods, influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, respiratory viral infection, rhinovirus

CT manifestations of coronavirus disease-2019: A retrospective analysis of 73 cases by disease severity

“…Currently, RT-PCR of sputum, throat swab and lower respiratory tract secretion or sequencing of virus gene represents the gold standard technique for the diagnosis of COVID-19 [8,9]. However, the testing requires at least several hours, and has a false negative rate of more than 5%; the latter is even more time-consuming.…”

Cross‐species transmission of the newly identified coronavirus 2019‐nCoV

“…possible to develop reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods for the detection of viral RNA in samples from patients and potential hosts. 6 As a result, 217 patients were confirmed to be infected with the 2019-nCoV, and 9 patients died as of 20 January 2020. Several patients from Wuhan were also reported in Thailand, Singapore, Hong Kong, South Korea, and Japan.…”

Recent advances and perspectives of nucleic acid detection for coronavirus

“…Infectious diseases pose a significant risk to human health and have led to approximately onefourth of deaths worldwide [1,2]. Coronaviruses belong to the family of Coronaviridae and may cause respiratory and neurological diseases [3]. Until now, six human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have been identified, namely, HCoV-229E, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) [4].…”