Recent advances in the detection of interferon-gamma as a TB biomarker

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the main infectious diseases worldwide and accounts for many deaths. It is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis usually affecting the lungs of patients. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to control the TB epidemic. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is a cytokine that plays a part in the body’s immune response when fighting infection. Current conventional antibody-based TB sensing techniques which are commonly used include enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs). However, these methods have major drawbacks, such as being time-consuming, low sensitivity, and inability to distinguish between the different stages of the TB disease. Several electrochemical biosensor systems have been reported for the detection of interferon-gamma with high sensitivity and selectivity. Microfluidic techniques coupled with multiplex analysis in regular format and as lab-on-chip platforms have also been reported for the detection of IFN-γ. This article is a review of the techniques for detection of interferon-gamma as a TB disease biomarker. The objective is to provide a concise assessment of the available IFN-γ detection techniques (including conventional assays, biosensors, microfluidics, and multiplex analysis) and their ability to distinguish the different stages of the TB disease.

Long-Term Immunogenicity and In Vitro Prophylactic Protective Efficacy of M. tuberculosis Fusion Protein DR2 Combined with Liposomal Adjuvant DIMQ as a Boosting Vaccine for BCG

“…40 However, due to its low sensitivity, the existing traditional TB-IGRA technique cannot accurately distinguish the various stages after M. tuberculosis infection. 41,42 As a classical cytokine biomarker for the identification of M. tuberculosis infection, IFN-γ must be combined with more advanced technology to play a more sensitive and specific recognition role in enhancing its ability to distinguish the various stages of M. tuberculosis infection effectively. 42 In this study, peripheral blood of M. tuberculosis-infected subjects (including ATBs and LTBIs) and HCs were stimulated with the fusion protein DR2 and subgroup proteins, respectively.…”

“…Due to the inconvenience of operation, time, and energy consumption, it is inappropriate to screen the dominant target antigens by referring to traditional methods, such as proteomics, , comparative genomics, and transcriptomics. , As an important pro-inflammatory cytokine in the immune response induced by M. tuberculosis infection, IFN-γ provides the basis of IFN-release assays (IGRAs) using a diagnostic kit for T cells infected with M. tuberculosis (TB-IGRA) for TB detection . However, due to its low sensitivity, the existing traditional TB-IGRA technique cannot accurately distinguish the various stages after M. tuberculosis infection. , As a classical cytokine biomarker for the identification of M. tuberculosis infection, IFN-γ must be combined with more advanced technology to play a more sensitive and specific recognition role in enhancing its ability to distinguish the various stages of M. tuberculosis infection effectively . In this study, peripheral blood of M. tuberculosis -infected subjects (including ATBs and LTBIs) and HCs were stimulated with the fusion protein DR2 and subgroup proteins, respectively.…”

Diagnostic Efficacy of T-SPOT.TB for Active Tuberculosis in Adult: A Retrospective Study

“…Also, the antigens used to induce IFN-γ release are ESAT6 and CFP-10 in T-SPOT.TB, adding TB7.7 in QFT-Gold IT and TB2 in QFT-Plus. 5 In China, T-SOPT.TB is approved and widely used for tuberculosis diagnosis. Nevertheless, the immune-based assay cannot distinguish ATB and latent infection.…”

Evolution of Interferon-Gamma Aptamer with Good Affinity and Analytical Utility by a Rational In Silico Base Mutagenesis Post-SELEX Strategy

“…Tuberculosis is one of the most catastrophic diseases and its transmission is very rapid [ 17 , 18 ]. Traditional antibody-based tuberculosis detection techniques commonly include the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and interferon-γ release assay (IGRAs) [ 19 ]. However, these methods have certain disadvantages, such as complicated operations and high costs.…”