“…For confronting the diminishing fossil fuel resources and the increasingly serious environmental pollution, one of the most effective solutions is to rationally explore and exploit renewable and sustainable biomass resources. [1][2][3] Glucose can be readily produced by hydrolysis of cellulose, hemicellulose, starch, and other carbohydrates because all of these polymers are composed of glucose units. A great many value-added chemicals have been synthesized such as succinic acid, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, lactic acid, gluconic acid, levulinic acid, 3-hydroxybutylactone, glycerol, sorbitol, and so on.…”