Recent advances in the combustion of water fuel emulsion

Kadota, T.; Yamasaki, Hiroshi

doi:10.1016/s0360-1285(02)00005-9

Cited by 353 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…There are three main methods that are used to introduce water into a diesel engine. These are direct water injection into the cylinder using separate injector, injecting water/diesel emulsion and spraying/injecting water into the intake manifold [33,34].…”

Section: Water Injection/emulsionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been also shown that adding water in the fuel may help to improve atomization and mixing characteristics, which is attributed to droplet micro-explosions. The micro-explosions phenomena are induced by volatility differences between the water and the fuel [34]. The water-fuel emulsion methods have several shortcomings that impede emulsion fuels from becoming widely used in the practice.…”

Section: Water Injection/emulsionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The water diesel emulsion has some drawbacks: firstly, the water emulsions needs a more advanced and well developed infrastructure for the implementation of a complex on-board water-in-diesel emulsion production system integrated with the engine, which may increase the cost of the engine [2]. To produce smaller and well scattered water droplets, the engine operating parameters need to be controlled with very high accuracy [34]. Secondly, the physical properties of the fuel emulsion may (viscosity, density and bulk modules) change.…”

Section: Water Injection/emulsionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water injection effects on the performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine operating with biodiesel

et al. 2012

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Biodiesel is one of the most promising renewable, alternative and environmentally friendly biofuels that can be used in diesel engine without any need for any modification in the engine. However, researchers have reported that the engines running with biodiesel emit NOx in higher concentrations. To address this problem, in the present study an experimental investigation has been carried out on the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a compression ignition (CI) engine running with biodiesel under steady state conditions with a novel NOx reducing mechanism involving a water injections system. The experimental work has been conducted on a four-cylinder, fourstroke, direct injection (DI) as well as turbocharged diesel engine. In this investigation, biodiesel (produced from the rapeseed oil by transesterfication process) has been used.During the experiments the in-cylinder pressure, specific fuel consumption, water injection flow rate, fuel flow rate and exhaust emission (NOx, CO, CO 2 and THC) were measured. The experimental results clearly indicate that water injection at a rate of 3kg/h results in the reduction of NOx emission by about 50% without causing any significant change in the specific fuel consumption. Furthermore, the water injection in the intake manifold has little effect on the in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate of the CI engine under different operating conditions. 2

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Section: Water Injection/emulsionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Water Injection/emulsionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Water Injection/emulsionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water injection effects on the performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine operating with biodiesel

et al. 2012

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“…However, both dilution effect and thermal effect are related as water vapor may terminate the chemical reaction in the gas phase due to the reduced apparent heat release rate (AHRR). The suppression of the chemical reaction may also cause a reduction in flame temperature and consequently a reduction of thermal NO x emissions (Kadota and Yamasaki, 2002). On the other hand, water injection increases OH radicals that contribute significantly in soot oxidation and reduce the soot emissions, and this is known as the chemical effect (Greeves et al, 1977, Kadota andYamasaki, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of intake and exhaust manifold water injection on combustion and emission characteristics of a DI diesel engine

Farag

Kosaka

Bady

et al. 2017

JTST

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Water injection is a technique that has been used for decades to control the combustion and emissions in diesel engines. The effects of water injection at the intake and exhaust manifolds on the combustion and emission characteristics of a direct injection diesel engine are studied in this work. Water injection in the intake manifold increases engine heat losses. Therefore, waste heat in exhaust gases is used to vaporize water before combustion and prevent the water-cooling effect. The injection of 40 mg/cycle of water into the intake and exhaust manifolds were tested with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) ratios of 10% and 25%. The fuel injection timing, quantity, and engine speed were maintained at constant values to keep the cylinder combustion condition constant. The results show that the exhaust manifold water injection improves engine performance and combustion characteristics and reduces emissions compared to intake manifold water injection. The peak improvement is achieved at exhaust manifold water injection at 25% EGR where the reduction in the brake specific fuel consumption (bsfc) is about 5%, while the increase in the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and the indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) is by 7% and 3%, respectively. On the other hand, the maximum reduction in soot was obtained with exhaust manifold water injection at 10% EGR ratio with reduction ratios of 55%. The intake manifold water injection gives the lowest NO x emissions with a 88% reduction ratio. The exhaust manifold injection is the recommended technique for water injection to improve engine performance and reduce emissions to avoid the disadvantages of the previously applied techniques.

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“…Recently, emission regulations for NOx, CO2 and soot from combustion engines have become more and more stringent due to growing concerns over environmental issues. Using emulsion (emulsified) fuel in combustion engines is considered as one promising solution (Dryer, 1977;Law et al, 1980;Lasheras et al, 1984;Sheng et al, 1994;Segawa et al, 2000;Kadota and Yamasaki, 2002;Fuchihata et al, 2003;Zeng and Lee, 2007;Tarlet et al, 2009;Watanabe et al, 2010;Suzuki et al, 2011;Watanabe and Okazaki, 2013;Shinjo et al, 2014). Emulsion fuel is a blend of immiscible liquids such as oil and water, formed with the help of surfactant agents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Temperature Distribution Inside an Emulsion Fuel Droplet Under Convective Heating: A Key to Predicting Microexplosion and Puffing

et al. 2016

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Microexplosion/puffing is rapid disintegration of a water-in-oil emulsion droplet caused by explosive boiling of embedded superheated water sub-droplets. To predict microexplosion/puffing, modeling the temperature distribution inside an emulsion droplet under convective heating is a prerequisite, since the temperature field determines the location of nucleation (vapor bubble initiation from superheated water). In the first part of the present study, convective heating of water-in-oil emulsion droplets under typical combustor conditions is investigated using high-fidelity simulation in order to accurately model inner-droplet temperature distribution. The shear force due to the ambient air flow induces internal circulation inside a droplet. It has been found that for droplets under investigation in the present study, the liquid Peclet number PeL is in a transitional regime of 100

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Recent advances in the combustion of water fuel emulsion

Cited by 353 publications

References 44 publications

Water injection effects on the performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine operating with biodiesel

Water injection effects on the performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine operating with biodiesel

Effects of intake and exhaust manifold water injection on combustion and emission characteristics of a DI diesel engine

Modeling Temperature Distribution Inside an Emulsion Fuel Droplet Under Convective Heating: A Key to Predicting Microexplosion and Puffing

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