Recent advances in the application of parahydrogen in catalysis and biochemistry

Abstract

This review provides a short introduction to the parahydrogen-based hyperpolarization (PHIP) techniques in NMR and MRI and then reviews the current literature on method developments and applications of various flavors of them.

Through-Space Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance Signal Enhancement Induced by Parahydrogen and Radiofrequency Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

“…42 Another phenomenon related to hyperpolarization techniques is the spin polarization-induced nuclear Overhauser effect (SPINOE)�spontaneous transfer of polarization from HP species to other molecules in solution via dipole−dipole interactions. 43 SPINOE was previously demonstrated with optically pumped 129 Xe 43−45 and with [1,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] C 2 ]fumarate hyperpolarized by d-DNP. 46 Recently, optical polarization of pentacene-doped naphthalene crystals was also employed as an efficient SPINOE hyperpolarization source.…”

Selective NMR detection of individual reaction components hyperpolarised by reversible exchange with para-hydrogen

“…[6][7][8][9] SABRE (Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange) allows hyperpolarisation from p-H 2 but without overall hydrogenation of a substrate. [10][11][12] p-H 2 and a target molecule both bind reversibly to a catalyst, typically an iridium complex, which facilitates the magnetisation transfer and a build-up of hyperpolarised substrate in the bulk solution (Fig. 1a).…”

Parahydrogen and Radiofrequency Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation Induce Through-Space Multinuclear NMR Signal Enhancement

“…The most efficient way to improve NMR sensitivity is to create nuclear spin hyperpolarization, i.e., highly non-equilibrium population of nuclear spin states. [1,2] At the moment, several hyperpolarization techniques are available, including dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (d-DNP), [3][4][5] spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP), [6][7][8] parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) [9][10][11][12][13] and signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE). [14,15] d-DNP and SEOP are currently used for human biomedical applications with astounding results.…”

“…[47] Another phenomenon related to hyperpolarization techniques is spin polarization-induced nuclear Overhauser effect (SPINOE)-spontaneous transfer of polarization from HP species to other molecules in solution via dipole-dipole interactions. [48] SPINOE was previously demonstrated with optically pumped 129 Xe [48][49][50] and with [1,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] C 2 ]fumarate hyperpolarized by d-DNP. [51] Recently, optical polarization of pentacene-doped naphthalene crystals was also employed as an efficient SPINOE hyperpolarization source.…”