Recent advances in the 3D printing of electrically conductive hydrogels for flexible electronics

Yang, Ruxue; Chen, Xiyue; Zheng, Yi; Chen, Kaiqi; Zeng, Weisheng; Wu, Xin

doi:10.1039/d1tc06162c

Cited by 53 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…Additive manufacturing (i.e., 3D printing) is a practice of building complex functional 3D structures in stacked form ( Ge et al, 2021 ). Given digital design from computer, 3D printing technology allows directly creating products with intricate internal structure on micrometer to centimeter sizes ( Yang et al, 2022a ). With the magnetic nanoparticles dispersed in the hydrogel ink, 3D printing can enable the formation of magnetic ordered structure.…”

Section: Construction Of Magnetic Hydrogels With Ordered Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrogels own excellent biocompatibility and can be flexibly designed as soft robotics with expected functions, which attract great attention ( Zhou et al, 2021 ). Moreover, hydrogel materials have degradation abilities, showing promising in clinical applications compared with those non-degradable materials ( Yang et al, 2022a ). Different from other stimuli-responsive hydrogels, magnetic hydrogels can realize remote noncontact control and deep tissue penetration, which is critical for applications in physiological environment.…”

Section: Biomedical Applications Of Magnetic Hydrogels With Ordered S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetic hydrogels with ordered structure for biomedical applications

Xue

Sun

2022

Front. Chem.

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Magnetic hydrogels composed of hydrogel matrices and magnetic nanomaterials have attracted widespread interests. Thereinto, magnetic hydrogels with ordered structure possessing enhanced functionalities and unique architectures, show tremendous advantages in biomedical fields. The ordered structure brought unique anisotropic properties and excellent physical properties. Furthermore, the anisotropic properties of magnetic ordered hydrogels are more analogous to biological tissues in morphology and mechanical property, showing better biocompatibility and bioinducibility. Thus, we aim to systematically describe the latest advances of magnetic hydrogels with ordered structure. Firstly, this review introduced the synthetic methods of magnetic hydrogels focus on constructing ordered structure. Then, their functionalities and biomedical applications are also summarized. Finally, the current challenges and a compelling perspective outlook of magnetic ordered hydrogel are present.

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Section: Construction Of Magnetic Hydrogels With Ordered Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biomedical Applications Of Magnetic Hydrogels With Ordered S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic hydrogels with ordered structure for biomedical applications

Xue

Sun

2022

Front. Chem.

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“…In recent years, conductive hydrogels have attracted tremendous attention due to their great potential in applications such as human motion monitoring, , robotic actuators, − electromagnetic shielding, , medical diagnosis, , bioelectrical interfaces, and other fields. As a new promising material, conductive hydrogels could be synthesized by the interaction of internal three-dimensional networks with conductive materials, or by complexing with salt solutions .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Sensitive Zwitterionic Hydrogel Sensor for Motion and Pulse Detection with Water Retention, Adhesive, Antifreezing, and Self-Healing Properties

Wang

Chen

Zhou

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The design and synthesis of conductive hydrogels with antifreezing, long-term stable, highly sensitive, self-healing, and reusable is a critical procedure to enable applications in flexible electronics, medical monitoring, soft robotics, etc. Herein, a novel zwitterionic composite hydrogel possessing antifreezing, fast self-healing performance, water retention, and adhesion was synthesized via a simple one-pot method. LiCl, as an electrolyte and antifreeze, was promoted to dissociate under the electrostatic interaction with zwitterions, resulting in the composite hydrogels with high electrical conductivity (7.95 S/m) and excellent antifreeze ability (−45.3 °C). Meanwhile, the composite hydrogels could maintain 97% of the initial water content after exposed to air (25 °C, 55% RH) for 1 week due to the presence of salt ions. Moreover, the active groups of zwitterions could form conformal adhesion between the composite hydrogels and skin, which was particularly crucial for the stable signal output of the sensor. The dynamic borate ester bonds, active group of zwitterions, and the hydrogen bond between different components could achieve rapid self-healing (2 h, self-healing efficiency to 97%) without any external intervention. Notably, the developed PBAS-Li (poly(vinyl alcohol) Borax/acrylamide/zwitterionic-LiCl) hydrogel not only succeeded in sensitively detecting human motions but also could precisely captured handwritings signals and subtle pulse waves on the neck and wrist. The above findings demonstrated the great potential of PBAS-Li hydrogels in the field of flexible electronic devices.

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“…Hydrogels are 3D networked hydrophilic polymers, enabling them to absorb and retain water. In general, conductive hydrogels are prepared from hydrogel matrix and conductive nanofillers, such as carbon-based materials, liquid metals, and conductive polymers, ,, limit the fabrication of hydrogel wearable devices with complex 3D structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printed Ultrasensitive Graphene Hydrogel Self-Adhesive Wearable Devices

Wang

Song

Chen

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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Ionic hydrogels are conductive and stretchable, showing great potential for applications in flexible wearable devices. However, poor mechanical and electrical properties, low manufacturing precision, and lack of self-adhesion severely limit their practical applications in hydrogel wearable devices. Herein, we propose a stretchable, highly conductive, and self-adhesive ionic hydrogel fabricated with an LCD light-curing 3D printing technique. 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate (HBA), and graphene are incorporated to prepare the printable ion-conductive hydrogel. The results show that this hydrogel exhibits outstanding electrical conductivity (0.0487 S/cm), excellent linear sensitivity (GF = 1.86 within 100% strain), amazing stretchability (1200% strain), and strong adhesion performance with various materials. Furthermore, the HBA–AMPS–graphene (HAG) hydrogel-based flexible wearable devices can monitor various human movements from tiny scale (breathing and speaking) to large scale (such as elbow and knee joint movement). Most significantly, the hydrogel wearable devices can capture the signals of pulse beating and breathing, which are so light that they are hard to be monitored. Our printable ionized hydrogel wearable devices promise applications in motion monitoring, health detection, human–machine interface, and so on.

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Recent advances in the 3D printing of electrically conductive hydrogels for flexible electronics

Abstract: This paper reviews the research progress of conductive hydrogel 3D printing for flexible electronics, with emphasis on 3D printing methods, classification and materials synthesis methods, and application fields.

Cited by 53 publications

References 160 publications

Magnetic hydrogels with ordered structure for biomedical applications

Magnetic hydrogels with ordered structure for biomedical applications

Highly Sensitive Zwitterionic Hydrogel Sensor for Motion and Pulse Detection with Water Retention, Adhesive, Antifreezing, and Self-Healing Properties

3D Printed Ultrasensitive Graphene Hydrogel Self-Adhesive Wearable Devices

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