Recent Advances in Synthetic Chemical Inducers of Plant Immunity

Abstract

Different from the conventional biocidal agrochemicals, synthetic chemical inducers of plant immunity activate, bolster, or prime plant defense machineries rather than directly acting on the pathogens. Advances in combinatorial synthesis and high-throughput screening methods have led to the discovery of various synthetic plant immune activators as well as priming agents. The availability of their structures and recent progress in the mechanistic understanding of plant immune responses have opened up the possibility of identifying new or more potent chemical inducers through rational design. In this review, we first summarize the chemical inducers identified through large-scale screening and then discuss the emerging trends in the identification and development of novel plant immune inducers including natural elicitor based chemical derivation, bifunctional combination, and computer-aided design.

JA-Ile-Macrolactone 5b Induces Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) Resistance to Both Herbivore Ectropis obliqua and Pathogen Colletotrichum camelliae

“…Taking advantage of the plant-induced resistance against harmful organisms could be a promising alternative strategy for pests and pathogens management in the field [5,6]. A chemical elicitor is one of the most powerful tools in this domain [9,[52][53][54].…”

“…Therefore, more evidence demonstrated that the exogenous application of phytohormones could elicit plant resistance against herbivores or pathogens either in herbs or in woody plants [4]. In recent years, the analogues of these phytohormones modulating the corresponding pathways have been investigated by researchers [5,6]. Several chemical elicitors have been commercially used in greenhouse disease control, such as benzo (1,2,3)-thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH), 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA), β-aminobutyric acid (BABA), tiadinil (TDL), and pyraclostrobin [7][8][9][10][11].…”

Bitki Hastalıklarının Entegre Yönetiminde Bitki İmmunitesi Uyarıcılarının Potansiyel Kullanımı

“…Bunlar başlıca; SA türevleri, isonikotinik asit türevleri (INA), thiadiazole ve isothiazole türevleri, JA analoğu ve β-aminobutirik asit (BABA)'tir. "Biyolojik bitki immunitesi uyarıcı moleküller" ise; bir patojen ile konukçusu arasındaki etkileşim sırasında üretilen aktif küçük moleküllerdir (Zhou and Wang, 2018;Tosun ve Yiğit, 2012). Biyolojik aktif moleküller; metabolitleri, oligosakkaritleri, glikoproteinleri, glikopeptitleri, proteinleri, polipeptitleri, lipitleri ve diğer hücresel bileşenleri içerir (Dewen et al 2017).…”

“…Basit olarak biyolojik immunite uyarıcılarının yapılarını taklit ederek bitki immunitesini uyarabilmektedirler. Biyolojik bitki uyarıcıları ile yapısal olarak akraba da olmayabilirler ve savunma sinyal bileşenlerinin bir alt kümesini hedefleyebilirler (Zhou and Wang, 2018).…”

“…SA hidrazin, SA'nın bir türevi olmasına karşın SA marker genlerinin ekspresyonunu uyarmamakta, JA marker genlerini ise uyarmaktadır. Bu da SA hidrazin türevinin, SA ile benzer işlev görmediğini, başka immunite sinyal bileşenlerini hedeflediğini göstermektedir (Liu, et al, 2014;Zhou and Wang, 2018).…”