Recent advances in sustainable catalytic production of 5-methyl-2-pyrrolidones from bio-derived levulinate

Valorization of Lignocellulosic Molecules through Homogeneous Ru‐Catalyzed C−C and C−N Bond Forming Reactions

“…Pyrrolidinone is a versatile compound as it can be applied as surfactant, solvent, chelating agent but also as precursor of monomers for nylon and other chemicals. [68][69] The reaction sequence is based on the direct, asymmetric reductive amination of both the substrates with ammonium acetate as a Nsource. A commercial complex Ru-19 supported by a chiral ligand (BINAP), was used as a catalyst.…”

“…[14] Decomposition of glucose by acidic dehydration leads to a 1/1 aqueous mixture of levulinic acid (LA) and formic acid (FA). [68][69] The former is a precursor of interesting com-pounds (i. e. γ-valero lactone), the latter could be used as a H 2source, easily undergoing catalytic decomposition (CO 2 + H 2 ).…”

Direct evidence of time-dependent crystallization evolution of SAPO-34 and SAPO-20 zeolites directed by trimethylbenzylammonium hydroxide for microwave-assisted ethanolysis of furfuryl alcohol

“…The resulting zeolites then undergo various spectroscopy and microscopy characterizations to reveal their physicochemical properties before their catalytic behavior is investigated in the microwave-assisted ethanolysis of furfuryl alcohol (FA) to produce ethyl levulinate (EL), where both FA and EL are important biomass-derived chemicals that are widely used as fuel additives, solvents, flavourings and fragrances. [33][34][35]…”

Heterogenization of Cobalt on Nanostructured Magnetic Covalent Triazine Framework: Effective Catalyst for Buchwald-Hartwig N-Arylation, Reduction, and Oxidation Reactions

“…By optimizing efficiency and minimizing waste, catalysts are essential in the quest for sustainable practices . To embrace more sustainable practices, as catalysts remain indispensable in the chemical industry, interest in catalysis by first-row transition metal nanoparticles (NPs) to explore novel catalytic concepts is increasing dramatically as they are naturally abundant, less-toxic, environmentally benign, and inexpensive. , But the challenges associated with non-noble metals are that they are less durable and display reduced catalytic activity, owing to their higher reactivity than noble metals . To circumvent these disadvantages, it is highly desired to identify suitable methodologies to rationally design heterogenized non-noble metal catalysts and to have a complete understanding of the catalytic active sites .…”

“…2,3 But the challenges associated with non-noble metals are that they are less durable and display reduced catalytic activity, owing to their higher reactivity than noble metals. 4 To circumvent these disadvantages, it is highly desired to identify suitable methodologies to rationally design heterogenized nonnoble metal catalysts and to have a complete understanding of the catalytic active sites. 5 But heterogenization of metal NPs on oxides, 6 carbon, 7 phosphides, 8 nitrides, 9 sulfides, 10 biomaterials, 11 polymers, 12,13 metal organic frameworks, 14 and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) 15 is complicated by issues surrounding the separation of the catalyst from the desired product and its recyclability without loss of catalytic activity.…”