Recent advances in supported acid/base ionic liquids as catalysts for biodiesel production

Abstract

Biodiesel is considered a potential substitute for fossil diesel because of its unique environmentally friendly and renewable advantages. The efficient and durable heterogeneous catalysts are vital to greenly and efficiently drive the biodiesel production process. The ionic liquid-functionalized materials, possessing the characteristics of both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, are one of the promising substitutions for conventional homogeneous acid/base catalysts for producing biodiesel. This mini-review focuses on recent advances in supported acid/base ionic liquids to synthesize ionic liquid-functionalized materials for producing biodiesel. The methods of immobilizing ionic liquids on supports were summarized. The merits and demerits of various supports were discussed. The catalytic activities of the ionic liquid-functionalized materials for biodiesel production were reviewed. Finally, we proposed the challenges and future development direction in this area.

Design and Synthesis of New Sulfonic Acid Functionalized Ionic Liquids as Catalysts for Esterification of Fatty Acids with Bioethanol

“…After suction filtration, repeated washing with a mixture of ethanol and water 1:1, and drying, 6.5 g of white crystalline product was obtained, yield 62%; mp 131-138 • C; 1 H-NMR (CDCl 3 , 400 MHz) 0.84 (3H, t, J = 6.8 Hz, CH 3 -), 1. 14 ), activated with sodium hydride (60% suspension, 0.52 g, 12.5 mmol), and 1,3-propanesultone 1a (2.66 mL, 30 mmol) according to the procedure for the preparation of SAIL 1. After chromatography on 70 g silica gel with elution by mixture of dichloromethane and methanol, 7:3 was obtained 4.2 g (73% yield) of oily product 3-(2-pentadecyl-1-(3-sulfopropyl)-1Hbenzo[d]imidazol-3-ium-3-yl)propane-1-sulfonate 3; 1 H-NMR (CD 4 OD, 400 MHz) 0.87 (3H, t, J = 6.6 Hz, CH 3 -), 1.…”

Multi-Component Syntheses of Spiro[furan-2,3′-indoline]-3-carboxylate Derivatives Using Ionic Liquid Catalysts

“…The use of ionic liquids (ILs) as organo-catalysts has recently received considerable attention [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. More specifically, Brønsted acidic ILs are easy-to-make and versatile catalysts [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Effects of ionic liquids as catalysts on liquid crystal aromatic polyester based on thin‐film polymerization technique

“…[10][11][12] In recent years, ILs have been employed to facilitate the transesterification reaction to prepare diversified products and polymers. [13][14][15][16] In particular, ILs as catalysts to prepare biodiesel through transesterification reaction have drawn extensive attention. 15,17 However, to the best of our knowledge, there still lacks of a comprehensive investigation on how ILs as catalysts affect the polymerization kinetics of LCAP.…”

“…ILs as catalysts have been extensively utilized to catalyze various reactions, such as hydrogenation, carbonylation and Friedel‐Crafts, due to the high reactivity, low toxicity, easy recycle and strong solubility 10–12 . In recent years, ILs have been employed to facilitate the transesterification reaction to prepare diversified products and polymers 13–16 . In particular, ILs as catalysts to prepare biodiesel through transesterification reaction have drawn extensive attention 15,17 .…”