Recent advances in spinel-type electrocatalysts for bifunctional oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions

Spinel of Nickel-Cobalt Oxide with Rod-Like Architecture as Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

“…The main aim is to find an electrode material with better kinetics and stability during electrochemical reactions. Most studies are focused on nanomaterials containing Ru, Ir, and Rh nanoparticles [ 6 ], transition metal-based catalysts, e.g., transition-metal oxides (TMOs) [ 7 ], hydro(oxy)oxides [ 8 ], perovskites [ 9 ], spinels [ 10 ], metal monoxide structures, for instance, transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) [ 11 ], nitrides (TMNs) [ 12 ] and phosphides (TMPs) [ 13 ], and non-metallic compounds [ 14 ]. Among TMOs with chemical formula AB 2 O 4 and cubic crystallographic structure (especially CoMn 2 O 4 , FeMn 2 O 4 , NiCo 2 O 4 , NiMn 2 O 4 and ZnCo 2 O 4 ) have been claimed as promising anode materials for electrochemical use, e.g., LIBs, supercapacitors, and electrocatalysts mainly in OER [ 15 ].…”

Nanocarbon-based metal-free and non-precious metal bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions

“…Aside from noble metals, a variety of the bifunctional electrocatalysts for ORR/OER have been developed such as transition metal oxides (TMO) or hydroxides [76][77][78], pyrochlores [79], perovskites [80][81][82][83], chalcogenides [84], nanocarbon-base materials [85][86][87][88][89], and metal or metal-oxide/carbon composites [90][91][92]. Among these bifunctional electrocatalysts, the nanocarbon-based catalysts have gained more attention because of the property and potential of nanocarbon materials applied to the electrocatalysts.…”

Nanostructured N-doped carbon materials derived from expandable biomass with superior electrocatalytic performance towards V2+/V3+ redox reaction for vanadium redox flow battery

“…As a rational and effective way to use these resources, energy storage system (ESS) has attracted extensive attention [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. ESS mainly uses battery technology to achieve energy acquisition, storage, and conversion [9][10][11][12]. Since Skyllas-kazacos et al first proposed vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) in 1980s, VRFB has become one of the most promising energy storage technologies [13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”