Recent Advances in SPE-Chiral-HPLC Methods for Enantiomeric Separation of Chiral Drugs in Biological Samples

Abstract

In medical practices, the determination of enantiomeric ratio of the chiral drugs is very important for their activities, bioavailabilities and biodegradation. Only homochiral medication is safe for humans. The chiral analysis in biological samples is the first and most important step. The present article describes the technical strategies of the enantiomeric resolution of racemic drugs in biological samples. Attempts have been made to describe sample preparation by solid-phase extraction and enantiomeric resolution by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography. Various chiral stationary phases used in chiral separations of racemic drugs have been described. Efforts are also made to discuss the chiral recognition mechanism and future perspectives of chiral analyses in biological samples.

Advances in enantiomeric resolution on monolithic chiral stationary phases in liquid chromatography and electrochromatography

“…Due to different pharmaceutical properties of enantiomers, chiral resolution is gaining impetus continuously. Besides, due to the health awareness and advancement of pharmaceutical science, the need of chiral drugs (single enantiomer) is felt globally . Academics, scientists, clinicians, industrial persons, and government authorities require data continuously on enantiomeric resolution of different racemates.…”

Enantio‐separation of drugs with multiple chiral centers by chromatography and capillary electrophoresis

“…The need for chiral separation of enantiomers is increasing continuously in the areas of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, food and chemical industries. Nowadays, the demand for optically active pure drugs is increasing continuously owing to the need for safe medication (Ali et al ., , ). Enantiomers show different biological and pharmacological responses.…”

“…Enantiomers show different biological and pharmacological responses. One form is active while another may be inactive or toxic or ballast, causing side effects, toxicity or other problems in the human body (Paci et al ., ; Ahuja, ; Ali et al ., , , , , ; Saleem et al ., ; Aboul‐Enein and Ali, , , ). Chirality is an intrinsic property of the ‘building blocks of life’ at supramolecular level, including amino acids, enzymes, hormones, sugars, peptides, proteins and polysaccharides (McConathy and Owens, ; Rentsch, ).…”

Chiral chromatographic resolution of antiepileptic drugs and their metabolites: a challenge from the optimization to the application

“…The objective of the present review was not to distinguish between the several enantioselective chromatography techniques available or CSP employed; on this point, a wide variety of literature has been published (Zhang et al, 2005(Zhang et al, , 2010Wu and Vogt 2012;Ali et al, 2013). Our main objective was to discuss the distinct chromatographic methodologies available to distinguish enantiomers of chiral AEDs, highlighting the principal chromatographic conditions and the validation parameters obtained in order to demonstrate the feasibility of the techniques.…”