Recent Advances in Sodium Intercalation Positive Electrode Materials for Sodium Ion Batteries

Abstract

Significant progress has been achieved in the research on sodium intercalation compounds as positive electrode materials for Na-ion batteries. This paper presents an overview of the breakthroughs in the past decade for developing high energy and high power cathode materials. Two major classes, layered oxides and polyanion compounds, are covered. Their electrochemical performance and the related crystal structure, solid state physics and chemistry are summarized and compared.

Understanding sodium-ion diffusion in layered P2 and P3 oxides via experiments and first-principles calculations: a bridge between crystal structure and electrochemical performance

“…(a) A schematic of the Na-ion diffusion path in layered P-type structures in the case of three Na vacancies. The Na I O 6 and Na II O 6 prisms are represented by the green and yellow colors, respectively. (b) The Naion diffusion barrier of the P2-type phase under the condition of three Na vacancies.…”

“…1 The increasing costs and limited availability of lithium suggest that an alternative to lithium-ion batteries should be developed to meet the demands of large-scale energy storage. [2][3][4][5][6] Rechargeable sodium-ion batteries have chemical storage mechanisms similar to their lithium-ion counterparts and are expected to be low cost and chemically sustainable as a result of an almost infinite supply of sodium. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Meanwhile, the feasible replacement of Cu with Al current collectors (an alloying reaction does not occur between Na and Al) will further reduce the substantial costs and weight for nextgeneration batteries.…”

Exploring Li substituted O3-structured layered oxides NaLixNi1/3−xMn1/3+xCo1/3−xO2 (x = 0.07, 0.13, and 0.2) as promising cathode materials for rechargeable Na batteries

“…Among most of the Na cathodes reported to date, O3 structured Na oxides (Na x MO 2, M = Transition Metal) have attracted considerable interest, because their structures are able to accommodate large Na ions and provide spacious diffusion path. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Although significant improvement has been achieved, the O3 structure materials still suffer from multiple phase transformations from O3 to O'3, P3, P'3 and then P''3 consecutively, that severely deteriorates the structural integrity and performance reversibility. [10] To overcome these issues, novel cathode materials are needed.…”

3D Nickel Scaffolded MoS2 Nanoflakes as Sodium Battery Anode with Improved Cycling Life and Rate Capability

“…Sodium ion battery (SIB) has the potential for meeting the large‐scale energy storage needs due to its abundant reserve and low cost . For the similar electrochemical mechanism, SIB could provide an economical sustainable alternative chemistry to lithium ion battery (LIB) and attracts much attention . However, sodium ion has a much larger radius (0.102 nm) than that of lithium ion (0.076 nm), which leads to a result that traditional anode materials of lithium ion battery (such as graphite) can't be used in sodium ion battery .…”