Recent advances in semitransparent perovskite solar cells

Abstract

The environmental challenges across the world step up the researcher's interest in different energy resources. Semitransparent perovskite solar cells (ST-PSCs) could expedite generation of electricity as well as shows reassuring its significance in flexible electronics and building-integrating photovoltaic as so forth in the next decade. It is highly recommended to endorse the relevance of semitransparent solar devices to fulfill the required level of energy even by using the roofs and windows of the buildings. In this review article, we pay more attention to recent developments of ST-PSCs. Herein, a succinct overview of latest research about semitransparent solar cell technologies and ST-PSCs is summarized. Moreover, the strategies to enhance the transparency of solar cells are described utilizing structure, transparent electrodes, perovskite film formation, tandem solar cells, color tuning, and human eye perception. Last but not least is that the serious concerns about stability of ST-PSCs are vividly reviewed.

Perovskite/Si tandem solar cells: Fundamentals, advances, challenges, and novel applications

“…It requires both high transparency and conductivity. Various transparent conductive materials have been employed as electrode for perovskite solar cells including thin metal layer, Ag nanowire, carbon nanotube, graphene, and TCOs 107–110 . Among these, TCOs such as ITO has been evidenced to be a promising top electrode for semitransparent perovskite cells by significantly improving the device lifetime 37 .…”

“…Various transparent conductive materials have been employed as electrode for perovskite solar cells including thin metal layer, Ag nanowire, carbon nanotube, graphene, and TCOs. [107][108][109][110] Among these, TCOs such as ITO has been evidenced to be a promising top electrode for semitransparent perovskite cells by significantly improving the device lifetime. 37 Generally, the ITO made by industrial sputtering technique are widely used in Si-based PV technology.…”

Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells for Building Integration and Tandem Photovoltaics: Design Strategies and Challenges

“…[ 29 ] In addition to the impressive PV performance, the possibility to make PSCs semitransparent (ST) has recently opened up new directions for sustainable energy development in the contexts of building‐integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs), solar‐powered automotive/portable electronics, and tandem solar cells (see Figure ). [ 31–38 ] The state‐of‐the‐art PSCs are nontransparent due to the use of opaque, highly reflective metal counter electrodes and the strong absorption of the perovskite film. Very recently, efficient ST‐PSCs have been successfully demonstrated using suitable transparent electrodes, opportunely engineered perovskite layers, and advanced light manipulation strategies.…”

“…Very recently, efficient ST‐PSCs have been successfully demonstrated using suitable transparent electrodes, opportunely engineered perovskite layers, and advanced light manipulation strategies. [ 33 ] The integration of such devices into buildings and skyscrapers as power‐generating solar windows, façades, skylights, or other aesthetic architectural elements is one of the most intriguing perspectives, [ 34,35 ] offering a sustainable solution to the tremendous and ever‐increasing building energy consumption. For such BIPV purposes, specific transparency levels are typically required: For instance, an average visible transmittance (AVT) of at least 25% is taken as a benchmark for solar window applications.…”

“…There are several recent reviews in the literature on the topic of ST‐PSCs, mainly focusing on the optimization of each functional layer or on the manufacture of such devices from the perspective of one specific application. [ 32–38 ] Unlike those works, the present review aims to summarize the state‐of‐the‐art progress in the fabrication of ST‐PSCs, offering a critical vision and highlighting the key requirements that must be fulfilled depending on the possible future application, either in the context of BIPVs or tandem solar cells. Before presenting the most updated design strategies of ST‐PSCs, the reader will be provided with the necessary background information about perovskites and PSCs in Section 2.…”