Recent advances in selective allergies to mammalian milk proteins not associated with Cow's Milk Proteins Allergy

Comparative Analysis of Protein Digestion Characteristics in Human, Cow, Goat, Sheep, Mare, and Camel Milk under Simulated Infant Condition

“…5 Sheep milk has been a topic of interest and is considered as a substitute for cow milk due to the similarity in protein composition (Figure S4) and the high degree of homology among their milk proteins (over 82% of identity level). 6 In regard to protein digestion properties, we found that sheep milk was the most similar to human milk after infant gastric digestion in this study. On the following basis: first, as discussed above, functional milk proteins (e.g., LF and IgG-H) were optimally retained in sheep and human gastric samples (Figure 3B,D, G-60), thereby increasing antimicrobial and immune competence in infants; 2 second, milk protein allergy can be mitigated by ameliorating allergenic protein digestibility (namely α-La, CNs, and β-Lg).…”

“…Along with cow and goat, sheep belongs to the Bovidae family, and together with goat, it belongs to the Caprinae subfamily . Sheep milk has been a topic of interest and is considered as a substitute for cow milk due to the similarity in protein composition (Figure S4) and the high degree of homology among their milk proteins (over 82% of identity level) . In regard to protein digestion properties, we found that sheep milk was the most similar to human milk after infant gastric digestion in this study.…”

“…4,5 Generally, caseins (CNs) and β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) are regarded as the major allergens in milk. 6 Especially, β-Lg is deficient in camel milk, rendering it less allergic. Moreover, immunoglobulins of camel milk were reported to reduce allergic symptoms.…”

“…So far, the protein composition among human and mammalian milk species has been extensively investigated. , In these investigations, it has long been recognized that there are considerable differences in total protein content and the composition and structure of various milk proteins, making them unsuitable for infants to consume directly. For example, sheep milk contains the highest total protein content (5.7%, w/v) among all mammalian species, including cow, goat, camel, mare, and human milk, resulting in an increased renal solute load in infants; on the other hand, the degree of glycosylation, phosphorylation, and partial hydrolysis of CNs can greatly influence its allergenicity to infants . Therefore, it is of great importance to clarify the differences in infant gastrointestinal tract digestion of these milk sources.…”

“…Nowadays, bovine-milk-based infant formula is widely consumed. As a result of the potential for high sensitization of cow milk, some milk formulas manufactured from goat (caprine) milk or other milk sources [such as sheep, mare (horse), and camel] have gained popularity due to their minimal allergenicity and distinctive protein functional properties. , Generally, caseins (CNs) and β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) are regarded as the major allergens in milk . Especially, β-Lg is deficient in camel milk, rendering it less allergic.…”