“…Skin injuries caused by a variety of bacterial infections have become a major problem that threatens human health. 1,2 Numbers of studies have proved that microbial infection is directly related to changes in the physiological signals of the local microenvironment of the wound surface, such as temperature, pH, enzymes, humidity, pressure and uric acid, [3][4][5][6] which often occur before clinically significant infection symptoms including redness, pain, and pustules. Therefore, in situ infection management strategies that can monitor changes in wound physiological signals are expected to achieve early warning of infection and thus to guide dynamic intervention treatment.…”