Recent Advances in Researches on Vehicle Scanning Method for Bridges

Abstract

The vehicle scanning method (VSM), an indirect approach for bridge measurement, has attracted intensive attention since it was proposed by Yang and co-workers in 2004. This method is featured by the fact that no vibration sensors need to be mounted on the bridge, but only one or few vibration sensors are required on the test vehicle. Such an idea has been verified by the field tests, and then quickly extended to construction of mode shapes, identification of damping ratios, and detection of damages for bridges, among others. Compared with the conventional direct method that relies fully on the vibration responses recorded by sensors equipped on the bridge, the advantage of the indirect method is obvious: mobility, economy, and efficiency. Over the years, a rapidly growing number of research works have been conducted along the lines of the VSM for bridge measurement. Particularly, extensive lab experiments and field tests have been carried out worldwide to implement the VSM, resulting in numerous new findings. Moreover, while the technique is still flourishing, it is nourished by inclusion of modern devices such as smartphones, vehicular networks, and cloud. In 2018, a review paper was compiled by two of the authors. To reflect the recent rapid growth of research in this area since then, there exists a need to make an expansion to include the huge number of newly published papers (274 papers in total). As an extension of the 2018 paper, this paper represents a state-of-the-art review of the related researches conducted worldwide. Comments and recommendations will be made at proper places, while concluding remarks including future research directions will be presented at the end of the paper.

Vehicle Assisted Bridge Damage Assessment Using Probabilistic Deep Learning

“…Finally, to simulate the vehicle-bridge interaction, the equations of motion of the vehicle and bridge models are coupled together into the system of second order differential equations shown in Eq. (10).…”

“…𝑴 𝒄 ü𝑐 + 𝑪 𝒄 u𝑐 + 𝑲 𝒗 𝑢 𝑣 = 𝑭 (10) where in 𝑴 𝒄 , 𝑪 𝒄 , and 𝑲 𝒄 are the time varying mass, damping and stiffness matrices respectively. The vectors ü𝑐 , u𝑐 , and 𝑢 𝑐 contain the responses (accelerations, velocities and displacements) of all DOFs of vehicle and bridge.…”

“…Furthermore, in [8,9] the authors utilised the measured rotational response of a bridge under the influence of moving loads for damage assessment. On the other hand, indirect techniques (or drive-by) have also been studied for bridge damage assessment, of which Wang et al [10] provide a detailed overview of their application. The reported methods mainly rely on advanced signal processing techniques and machine learning methods for damage detection.…”

Application of Spectral Entropy in Haul Truck Joint Damage Detection

“…It is an indirect approach to measuring the frequency of bridges using sensors placed in vehicles. The most up-to-date overview of the results of the work carried out on this method is presented in [ 15 ]. Unfortunately, most of the other works mainly concern light vehicles and are oriented toward influencing drivers [ 16 ].…”

Ultraviolet resistance modification of poly(1,3,4‐oxadiazole) fibers by dihydroxyterephthalic acid

“…Thus, POD fiber is widely used as advanced material in many fields, such as fire protective products, heat resistant filter materials, electric‐insulated materials, and other industrial fabrics 6–9 . However, the photostability of POD fiber is very poor, and its mechanical properties would dramatically deteriorate after exposure to ultraviolet, which largely limits the application of POD fiber 10 . Earlier studies have pointed out the photooxidation degradation mechanism of POD, i.e., the photodegradation of POD only occurs in the simultaneous presence of oxygen and light.…”