Recent advances in real-time spectrum measurement of soliton dynamics by dispersive Fourier transformation

Wang, Yunzheng; Zhang, Feng; Guo, Jia; Ma, Chunyang; Huang, Weichun; Song, Yufeng; Ge, Yanqi; Liu, Jie; Zhang, Han

doi:10.1088/1361-6633/abbcd7

Cited by 41 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 251 publications

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“…There are several methods to character the stability of the SM states. In particular, the stability can be explored in the plane of the separation and relative phase [3,6,51], through measuring the radio-frequency (RF) spectra [52,53], or directly observing variations of the energy and separation of the bound pulses [3,[54][55][56][57]. By considering our demonstrations, we show the variations in pulse energy and separations from the single-shot spectrum, which could directly reflect the stability of SMs.…”

Section: A Manipulations Of the Ts (Temporal Separation) For Sms (Sol...mentioning

confidence: 86%

On-demand harnessing of photonic soliton molecules

Liu,

Cui,

Karimi

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Soliton molecules (SMs) are fundamentally important modes in nonlinear optical systems. It is a challenge to experimentally produce SMs with a required temporal separation in mode-locked fiber lasers. Here, we propose and realize an experimental scenario for harnessing SM dynamics in a laser setup. In particular, we tailor SMs in a mode-locked laser controlled by second-order group-velocity dispersion and dispersion losses: the real part of dispersion maintains the balance between the dispersion and nonlinearity, while the dispersion loss determines the balance of gain and losses. The experimental results demonstrate that the dispersion loss makes it possible to select desired values of the temporal separation (TS) in bound pairs of SMs in the system. Tunability of the SM's central wavelength and the corresponding hysteresis are addressed too. The demonstrated regime allows us to create multiple SMs with preselected values of the TS and central wavelength, which shows the potential of our setup for the design of optical data-processing schemes.

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Section: A Manipulations Of the Ts (Temporal Separation) For Sms (Sol...mentioning

confidence: 86%

On-demand harnessing of photonic soliton molecules

Liu,

Cui,

Karimi

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The schematic diagram of the TS-DFT principle is depicted in Figure 1. [22] The pulse width of an incident ultrashort laser pulse was gradually stretched over a long dispersive medium and eventually, the pulse waveform exhibits a close envelope to the Reproduced with permission. [22] Copyright 2020, IOP Publishing Ltd.…”

Section: Underlying Physics For Ts-dft Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the complex motion dynamics in MLFL, i.e., soliton molecules, soliton breathing, soliton bifurcation, soliton explosion, soliton trapping, and optical rogue wave were comprehensively discussed. More information about the underlying physics of the TS-DFT technique and its applications in MLFL dynamics [22,23] and other fields of optical physics [24][25][26][27] was previously reviewed. In comparison to the reviews of Wang et al and Huang et al [22,23] which were officially available on January 2020 and June 2020, respec-tively, we provide a more recent review of the progress and development in the diversified dynamics of the MLFL probed by using the TS-DFT technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Real‐Time Investigation of Ultrafast Dynamics through Time‐Stretched Dispersive Fourier Transform in Mode‐Locked Fiber Lasers

Lau

Cui

Liu

et al. 2023

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Real‐time investigation in mode‐locked fiber lasers (MLFLs) is important to understand the ultrafast dynamics before, during, and after the formation of stable laser pulses. However, the experimental measurement of these dynamics is restricted by the resolution of conventional oscilloscopes. The development of a time‐stretched dispersive Fourier transform (TS‐DFT) technique provides the shot‐to‐shot measurement of mapping the spectral information of an ultrashort optical pulse into time‐stretched waveform in the MLFL. Here, the recent progress and development of various fascinating dynamics in the MLFL, including the study of birth, evolution, and extinction process in MLFL, different types of MLFL, and complex motion dynamics in MLFL, have been reviewed. The issues and challenges encountered in this research area are discussed and several recommendations are suggested to overcome these problems. The integration of the TS‐DFT technique is expected to provide deeper insight into the real‐time investigation of various dynamics in the MLFL by displaying fascinating phenomenon and revealing unexplored trajectories.

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“…[4,[19][20][21][22] In addition to their excellent saturable absorption properties, CNT and graphene SAs were still frequently employed in many laboratories to mode-lock the fiber laser due to their simplicity and extensive utilization. For instance, CNT and graphene SA are widely used in the investigation of the dynamics of mode-locking via dispersive Fourier transform (DFT), [21] time lens technology, [22] invisible soliton pulsation state in a mode-locked laser, [23] and a recently reported synchronized multiwavelength mode-locked fiber laser by intracavity group delay modulation. [24] The evolution of CNT and graphene SAs in mode-locked fiber lasers is presented in Figure 1.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison for Saturable Absorbers: Carbon Nanotube Versus Graphene

Lau

Liu

Qiu

2022

Advanced Photonics Research

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Saturable absorption is a nonlinear optical phenomenon that is characterized by the reduced optical loss at high light intensity. At low light intensity, the saturable absorber (SA) absorbs light and results in an optical loss. When the light intensity is increased, the available energy states become depleted, leading to a reduction in absorption. For semiconductors, the saturated optical absorption under strong excitation is in conjunction with the Pauli expulsion of occupying carriers at the edge of the filled conduction band thus allowing photons to penetrate through the material without further absorption. [1] When incorporated into a mode-locked laser cavity, the saturable absorption process begins from the inherent noise fluctuations of a laser cavity. A dominant noise spike with the highest intensity will saturate the absorber and decreases the absorbance loss such as the pedestal peaks. [2] Next, this noise spike is amplified in subsequent round trips until a stable pulse train is eventually formed. This favors the generation of ultrafast laser pulses over continuous-wave laser operation. During the formation of ultrafast laser pulses, the SA is operated either as slow or fast SA. The main difference between these two SA configurations is their relaxation time. The relaxation time of a slow SA is longer than its pulse duration measured from the mode-locked laser. The long time constant results in reduced saturation intensity due to slow recovery of absorption. [3] Therefore, the slow SA self-starts the modelocked laser at a lower power threshold. In contrast, the relaxation time of fast SA is shorter than its pulse duration measured from the mode-locked laser. Owing to the fast relaxation time, the electrons in the conduction band will return to the valence band at a period shorter than the pulse duration. This constitutes the higher power threshold to self-start the mode-locked laser.Despite the difficulty to self-start the mode-locking, the fast SA is responsible for the stabilization of the laser. The fast SA has ultrafast carrier relaxation time for the SA to recover from bleaching with minimal time. [4] Besides stabilization, ultrafast relaxation time is also crucial to shortening the pulse duration of the mode-locked laser. [5] Before the advent of ultrashort pulse with relaxation time ranging from a few ps to a few hundred fs, semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) was demonstrated with a complex post-fabrication process. For instance, ion implantation is needed to reduce its relaxation time to ps time scale. This encourages the discovery of a material with sub-picosecond recovery time, such as carbon nanotube (CNT) [6] and graphene. [7] Both CNT and graphene have ultrafast and slow recovery from saturation. In a femtosecond laser, the CNT will typically act as a slow SA due to its recovery time of few ps, whereas the graphene will typically act as a fast SA due to its

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Recent advances in real-time spectrum measurement of soliton dynamics by dispersive Fourier transformation

Cited by 41 publications

References 251 publications

On-demand harnessing of photonic soliton molecules

On-demand harnessing of photonic soliton molecules

Real‐Time Investigation of Ultrafast Dynamics through Time‐Stretched Dispersive Fourier Transform in Mode‐Locked Fiber Lasers

A Comparison for Saturable Absorbers: Carbon Nanotube Versus Graphene

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