Recent Advances in Pyridine Scaffold: Focus on Chemistry, Synthesis, and Antibacterial Activities

Abstract

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens have created a fatal problem for human health and antimicrobial treatment. Among the currently available antibiotics, many are inactive against MDR pathogens. In this context, heterocyclic compounds/drugs play a vital role. Thus, it is very much essential to explore new research to combat the issue. Of the available nitrogen-bearing heterocyclic compounds/drugs, pyridine derivatives are of special interest due to their solubility. Encouragingly, some of the newly synthesized pyridine compounds/drugs are found to inhibit multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Pyridine scaffold bearing poor basicity generally improves water solubility in pharmaceutically potential molecules and has led to the discovery of numerous broad-spectrum therapeutic agents. Keeping these in mind, we have reviewed the chemistry, recent synthetic techniques, and bacterial preventative activity of pyridine derivatives since 2015. This will facilitate the development of pyridine-based novel antibiotic/drug design in the near future as a versatile scaffold with limited side effects for the next-generation therapeutics.

A New Benzo[6,7]oxepino[3,2-b] Pyridine Derivative Induces Apoptosis in Canine Mammary Cancer Cell Lines

“…Pyridine and its derivatives play vital roles and are the most extensively applied scaffolds for drug design and synthesis [54]. Several forms of pyridine were shown, along with their biological properties, including antiviral, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties [55][56][57]. El Naggar et al reported that pyridine-ureas showed antiproliferative activity against the MCF-7 cell line with a low IC 50 value [58].…”

31st Annual GP2A Medicinal Chemistry Conference

“…Pyridine moiety is a common and significant heterocyclic modulation, playing an important role in various fields of medicinal chemistry. Pyridine scaffold-containing compounds are commonly of significant interest due to various biological activities such as antimicrobial activities [56]. Such derivatives, in further evaluations against Leishmania strains, can be used to lead different strategies in a Hit-to-Lead process.…”

Synthesis of Polycyclic Pyrrolopyridine Derivatives via Multicomponent Synthesis of 1,5‐Diketones

“…[19] Among the most prevalent heterocyclic compounds, functionalized pyridines have a lot of applications as agricultural chemicals like insecticides, herbicides, surfactants, [20] chemo sensors, photosensitizers, [21] ligands for catalysis, [22] and therapeutic drugs. [23] Pyrrolopyridines [24] are very important hybrid heterocyclic scaffolds with two significant pharmacophores present in their structure. They exhibit cytotoxic, [25] met kinase inhibitory, [26] antibacterial, [27] JAK-1 selective inhibitory, [28] anticancer [29] and antifungal [30] activities.…”