Recent advances in Pt-based electrocatalysts for PEMFCs

Zhang, Xuewei; Li, Haiou; Yang, Jian; Lei, Yijie; Wang, Cheng; Wang, Jianlong; Tang, Yaping; Mao, Zongqiang

doi:10.1039/d0ra05468b

Cited by 54 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…Furthermore, these catalysts must be able to operate for a long time in harsh PEMFC conditions. Currently, only Pt‐based catalysts satisfy both the efficiency and (to some extent) the durability requirements [12,13] . Very recent studies on metal and N‐codoped graphene/carbon nanostructures showed great promise that these materials can replace Pt in fuel cell ORR catalysis [10,14] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, only Pt‐based catalysts satisfy both the efficiency and (to some extent) the durability requirements. [ 12 , 13 ] Very recent studies on metal and N‐codoped graphene/carbon nanostructures showed great promise that these materials can replace Pt in fuel cell ORR catalysis. [ 10 , 14 ] Various experimental and theoretical studies have been performed on PGM‐free nanostructure with Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu metal centers, and the observed activities have been found to be comparable to that obtained with the standard Pt catalyst.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Origin of the Rarely Reported High Performance of Mn‐doped Carbon‐based Oxygen Reduction Catalysts

Samala

Grinberg

2022

ChemSusChem

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Recent efforts to develop durable high‐performance platinum‐group metal (PGM)‐free oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts have focused on Fe‐ and Co‐based molecular and pyrolyzed catalysts. While Mn‐based catalysts have advantages of lower toxicity and higher durability, their activity has been generally poor. Nevertheless, several examples of high‐performance Mn‐based catalysts have been reported. Thus, it is necessary to understand why Mn‐based materials much more rarely show high catalytic ORR performance and to determine the factors that can lead to the achievement of such high performance in these rare cases. We have studied the effects of the changes in the macrocycle structure, axial ligand, distance between the active sites, interactions with the dopant N atoms and the presence of an extended carbon network on the ORR catalysis of various Mn‐, Fe‐, and Co‐based systems through the comparison of the adsorption energies of the ORR intermediates. We find that the sensitivity to the local environment changes is the largest for Mn and is the smallest for Co, with Fe between Mn and Co. Our results showed that the strong binding of OH by Mn and the strong sensitivity of the Mn to the modification of its environment necessitate a precise combination of local environment changes to achieve a high onset potential (Vonset) in Mn‐based catalysts. By contrast, the weaker binding of OH by Fe and Co and their weaker sensitivity to local environment changes lead to a wide variety of local environments with favorable catalytic activity (Vonset>0.7 V) for Co‐ and Fe‐based systems. This explains the scarcity of reported Mn‐based pyrolyzed catalysts and suggests that precise material synthesis and engineering of the active site can achieve high‐performance Mn‐based ORR electrocatalysts with high activity and durability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of the Rarely Reported High Performance of Mn‐doped Carbon‐based Oxygen Reduction Catalysts

Samala

Grinberg

2022

ChemSusChem

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“…Although Pt is an ideal material for electrocatalysis, its high cost and scarcity limit the commercial application of PEMFC [ 21 , 36 ]. In order to improve the stability and activity of ORR, the electronic structure of Pt needs to be adjusted to solve the key problems of the surface adsorption of various oxygen-containing intermediates in the ORR process.…”

Section: Controllable Preparation Of Pt-based Orr Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, Pt-based alloy catalysts have also been widely used in commercial applications. For example, Toyota Mirai has used a Pt 3 Co alloy catalyst for commercial PEMFC vehicles, and General Motors has also actively tested Pt 3 Ni alloy catalysts [ 36 ]. Compared with the current commercial platinum on carbon (Pt/C) catalyst, the catalytic performance and stability have been significantly improved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pt-Based Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Controllable Preparation and Structural Design of Catalytic Layer

Zhao

Tao

et al. 2022

Nanomaterials

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Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have attracted extensive attention because of their high efficiency, environmental friendliness, and lack of noise pollution. However, PEMFCs still face many difficulties in practical application, such as insufficient power density, high cost, and poor durability. The main reason for these difficulties is the slow oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on the cathode due to the insufficient stability and catalytic activity of the catalyst. Therefore, it is very important to develop advanced platinum (Pt)-based catalysts to realize low Pt loads and long-term operation of membrane electrode assembly (MEA) modules to improve the performance of PEMFC. At present, the research on PEMFC has mainly been focused on two areas: Pt-based catalysts and the structural design of catalytic layers. This review focused on the latest research progress of the controllable preparation of Pt-based ORR catalysts and structural design of catalytic layers in PEMFC. Firstly, the design principle of advanced Pt-based catalysts was introduced. Secondly, the controllable preparation of catalyst structure, morphology, composition and support, and their influence on catalytic activity of ORR and overall performance of PEMFC, were discussed. Thirdly, the effects of optimizing the structure of the catalytic layer (CL) on the performance of MEA were analyzed. Finally, the challenges and prospects of Pt-based catalysts and catalytic layer design were discussed.

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“…Pt-based catalysts such as Pt–Co, Pt–Cu, Pt–Ni, etc. have been shown to exhibit higher oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity than platinum for PEMFC. − Commercial Pt-based (PtCo) catalysts (nanoparticles 3–5 nm) supported on carbon black are considered the current standard catalysts offering high surface areas and high specific activity. Unfortunately, they are limited by corrosion of the C and Pt dissolution/agglomeration through the electrochemical Ostwald ripening mechanism, which is reflected by a fast and significant loss of electrochemical surface area (ECSA) over time during fuel cell operation. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platinum–Nickel Nanowires and Nanotubes Arrays as Carbon-Free Cathodes for the Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell

Lagrichi

Guétaz

Sicardy

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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The cathode is the most crucial component of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) because it is the most limiting in terms of performance, durability, and cost. Regarding the performance, the main losses are due to the cathode because of the negative coupling between a sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and H + and O 2 transport loss issues. Therefore, many efforts have been conducted on the one hand to increase the kinetic of the ORR by developing a catalyst with improved activity and stability. On the other hand, attempts have been made to reduce mass transport losses in the cathode by tuning its nanostructure. This paper describes a multistep process to nanostructure the electrocatalyst in the view of simultaneously benefiting from enhanced activity toward the ORR and reduced O 2 transport limitations. Thus, original carbon-free electrode's architectures made of organized and well-ordered and oriented PtNi nanowires (PtNiNWs) and nanotubes (PtNiNTs) directly embedded onto a Nafion membrane were developed. Here, the nanotubes were templated from Ni nanowires grown on an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template. The fabrication process was optimized to improve the quality of the nanotubes and their integration into the membrane: the process includes thermal treatment in a H 2 /Ar environment and an acid leaching step as key steps to obtain the desired structure. After the electrodes were integrated in a complete membrane-electrode assembly (MEA), we tested the performance and durability of these nanostructures under real operating conditions. We compared the results to a Pt/C conventional electrode at low Pt loading (∼35 μg Pt/ cm 2 ) exhibiting a roughness factor close to that of PtNiNWs and PtNiNTs electrodes. Results have shown a great improvement in the mass activity and stability of PtNiNTs electrodes in an accelerated stress test. Also, they have shown a significant sensitivity toward relative humidity variation.

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Recent advances in Pt-based electrocatalysts for PEMFCs

Abstract: In this paper, the latest progress in the design of Pt-based ORR electrocatalysts is reviewed, including the understanding of research progress in the synthesis of high activity and high stability catalysts.

Cited by 54 publications

References 134 publications

Origin of the Rarely Reported High Performance of Mn‐doped Carbon‐based Oxygen Reduction Catalysts

Origin of the Rarely Reported High Performance of Mn‐doped Carbon‐based Oxygen Reduction Catalysts

Pt-Based Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Controllable Preparation and Structural Design of Catalytic Layer

Platinum–Nickel Nanowires and Nanotubes Arrays as Carbon-Free Cathodes for the Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell

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