Recent advances in PEM liquid-feed direct methanol fuel cells

Narayanan, S. R.; Kindler, A.; Jeffries‐Nakamura, B.; Chun, W.; Frank, H.; Smart, Marshall C.; Valdez, T. I.; Surampudi, S.; Halpert, G.; Kosek, J.; Cropley, C.

doi:10.1109/bcaa.1996.484980

Cited by 78 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The cell used a membrane-electrode assembly configuration similar to that used in the direct methanol fuel cell. 39 We have shown that no precious metal catalyst is needed because these redox couples undergo fast proton-coupled electron transfer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Inexpensive Aqueous Flow Battery for Large-Scale Electrical Energy Storage Based on Water-Soluble Organic Redox Couples

Yang

Hoober-Burkhardt

Wang

et al. 2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

390

446

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We introduce a novel Organic Redox Flow Battery (ORBAT), for meeting the demanding requirements of cost, eco-friendliness, and durability for large-scale energy storage. ORBAT employs two different water-soluble organic redox couples on the positive and negative side of a flow battery. Redox couples such as quinones are particularly attractive for this application. No precious metal catalyst is needed because of the fast proton-coupled electron transfer processes. Furthermore, in acid media, the quinones exhibit good chemical stability. These properties render quinone-based redox couples very attractive for high-efficiency metal-free rechargeable batteries. We demonstrate the rechargeability of ORBAT with anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid or anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonic acid on the negative side, and 1,2-dihydrobenzoquinone-3,5-disulfonic acid on the positive side. The ORBAT cell uses a membrane-electrode assembly configuration similar to that used in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Such a battery can be charged and discharged multiple times at high faradaic efficiency without any noticeable degradation of performance. We show that solubility and mass transport properties of the reactants and products are paramount to achieving high current densities and high efficiency. The ORBAT configuration presents a unique opportunity for developing an inexpensive and sustainable metal-free rechargeable battery for large-scale electrical energy storage. The integration of electrical energy generated from solar and wind power into the grid is faced with the challenge of intermittent electricity output from these sources. This challenge can be effectively met by storing the electricity during times of excess production and releasing the electrical energy to the grid during times of peak demand. Rechargeable batteries are very attractive for energy storage because of their high energy efficiency and scalability.1-3 Since grid-scale electrical energy storage requires hundreds of gigawatt-hours to be stored, 4 the batteries for this application must be inexpensive, robust, safe and sustainable. None of today's mature battery technologies meet all of these requirements. The vanadium redox flow battery is one such battery technology that has reached an advanced level of development for grid-scale applications.5 However, the limited resources of vanadium, the high expense associated with the cell materials, and the toxicity hazard of using large quantities of soluble vanadium, have been the major challenges to the widespread adoption of the vanadium redox flow battery. 2,6,7 Aiming to overcome these disadvantages, we have demonstrated for the first time an aqueous redox flow battery that uses water-soluble organic redox couples at both electrodes that are metal-free. Such a battery has the potential to meet the demanding cost, durability, eco-friendliness, and sustainability requirements for grid-scale electrical energy storage. We have termed this battery an Organic Redox Flow Battery (ORBAT).In ORBAT, two different aqueous solutions...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Inexpensive Aqueous Flow Battery for Large-Scale Electrical Energy Storage Based on Water-Soluble Organic Redox Couples

Yang

Hoober-Burkhardt

Wang

et al. 2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

390

446

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Some work has been reported on catalyst loading in the electrode [12][13][14][15]. From the literature [12][13][14], the Pt-Ru black with loading more than 8 mg/cm 2 did not improve cell performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of ionic resistance and optimal composition in the anodic catalyst layers of DMFC using AC impedance

Zhao

Fan

Wang

et al. 2005

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…This effect causes a negative potential shift at the cathode and a significant decrease of performance in the DMFC. Methanol crossover also causes fuel loses; it had been found that over 40% of methanol can be wasted in a DMFC across Nafion ® membranes (Narayanan et al, 1996). In a DMFC, cathode flooding, which typically occurs unless high cathode stoichiometries are used, can determine to a great extent overall cell performance (Amphlett et al, 2001;M.…”

Section: Wwwintechopencommentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic/Inorganic Nanocomposite Membranes Development for Low Temperature Fuel Cell Applications

Mokrani¹

2012

Advances in Chemical Engineering

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Recent advances in PEM liquid-feed direct methanol fuel cells

Cited by 78 publications

References 2 publications

An Inexpensive Aqueous Flow Battery for Large-Scale Electrical Energy Storage Based on Water-Soluble Organic Redox Couples

An Inexpensive Aqueous Flow Battery for Large-Scale Electrical Energy Storage Based on Water-Soluble Organic Redox Couples

Determination of ionic resistance and optimal composition in the anodic catalyst layers of DMFC using AC impedance

Organic/Inorganic Nanocomposite Membranes Development for Low Temperature Fuel Cell Applications

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