Recent Advances in Organic Electrochemical C—H Functionalization

Abstract

Organic electrochemistry has a rich history in organic synthesis and has been considered as a promising alternative to traditional chemical oxidants and reductants because it obviates the use of stoichiometric amount of dangerous and toxic reagents. In particular, the electrochemical C—H bonds functionalization is one of the most desirable approaches for the construction of carbon–carbon (C—C) and carbon–heteroatom (C—X) bonds. This review summarizes the substantial progress made in the last few years in C—H functionalization via organic electrochemistry. It is divided into sections on C—C, C—N, C—O, C—S, C–Halogen and C—P bond formation.

Encapsulation of salicylic acid in acylated low molecular weight chitosan for sustained release topical application

“…The cumulative release of pure SA, physical mixture of LMWC‐B.8 and SA, SA‐loaded LMWC‐B.8 at 10:1 (EE = 92.34%) in PBS pH 7.4 solution were curved fitted to different kinetic models as tabulated in Table . Based on the correlation coefficient ( R 2 ) shown in Table , Korsmeyer–Peppas model was chosen as the best model to describe the release of SA from the physical mixture as well as SA‐loaded LMWC‐B.8 The same model was used by Yang et al . to describe the SA release from freeze‐dried chitosan microcapsules.…”

“…Nevertheless, SA causes skin irritation, erythema, and dryness to some patients . Chitosan has been used as carriers for SA in the form of nanoparticles, microspheres, fibers, membranes, films by crosslinking with tripolyphosphate (TPP) and glutaraldehyde and by emulsification with surfactants . Nevertheless, the study by Boonsongrit et al .…”

Conference report—A report from the 5th International Taiwan Symposium on Raman Spectroscopy (TISRS 2017) and Taiwan Association of Raman Spectroscopy (TARS) Summer Camp

“…All the tested modifications, namely, porous with agarose-treated polymelamine, cross-link with tris(2aminoethyl)amine-treated 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and membrane with extra Ag decoration, resulted in good SERS performances with aqueous analytes. [3] In a third presentation, Dr. Chia Chen Hsu (Department of Physics, National Chung Cheng University, Taiwan) showed the work of his group on three-dimensional polymeric woodpile (3DPW) structure, with dimensional parameters of 1.5 μm × 1.5 μm × 0.5 μm, decorated with Au nanoparticles (incubation time: 10 hr). [4] The SERS signal of 4-nitrobenzethiol using a 19-layer 3DPW was about 8 times in intensity comparing with a 1-layer 3DPW.…”

Electrochemical Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed C−H Bond Functionalization: Electricity as Clean Surrogates of Chemical Oxidants

“…Organice lectrosynthesis has witnessed ar enaissance because of its inherenta dvantages and unique characteristics. [4] Many advances in the use of electrochemistry in organic synthesis [5] and in organometallics have been made. [6] Redox reactions involve electron transfer;t herefore, in principle, losing or obtaining electrons from the surfaceo fe lectrodes can be treated as clean surrogates of chemical redoxr eagents, and thus, environmental pollution, high costs,t oxicity, and ah igh risk of explosion could be significantly reducedo r suppressed.…”