Recent advances in organelle-targeted organic photosensitizers for efficient photodynamic therapy

Near-infrared BODIPY photosensitizers for two-photon excited singlet oxygen generation and tumor cell photodynamic therapy

“…21–25 A similar organelle targeting strategy not only enhances the accumulation of photosensitizers in tumor cells, but also reduces the damage to normal cells, improving the efficacy and safety of photodynamic therapy. 26–28 In addition, photosensitizers with two-photon absorption properties can generate reactive oxygen species under NIR light excitation, thus realizing two-photon photodynamic therapy for tumor cells. 29–31 The wavelength of the light source used for two-photon excitation is longer and penetrates deeper into biological tissues.…”

Distyryl Carboxylic Acid Substituted BODIPY and BODIPY‐C60 Systems for Generation of Singlet Oxygen

“…[1][2][3] These applications need three major components: a light sensitive molecule, photosensitizer (PS), light to irradiate the PS and molecular oxygen. The irradiation of PS triggers the excitation from S 0 ground state to S 1 singlet excited state ensuing the formation of long-lived T 1 triplet excited state via intersystem crossing (ISC) [4,5] where the energy of the T 1 is used to generate ROS. Since the efficiency of the applications tied to the ISC quantum yield of the PS, mediation of spin-orbital coupling in the molecules needs to be enabled through functionalization.…”