Recent advances in optical diagnosis of oral cancers: Review and future perspectives

Singh, Surya Pratap; Ibrahim, Ola; Byrne, Hugh J.; Mikkonen, Jopi W.; Koistinen, Arto; Kullaa, Arja; Lyng, Fiona M.

doi:10.1002/hed.24293

Cited by 37 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…Raman spectroscopy (RS), a vibrational spectroscopic method sensitive to subtle biochemical perturbations in biological systems, has been extensively explored in disease and cancer diagnosis , including management of oral cancers . More importantly, RS has also shown potential in identifying subclinical cancer‐field effects (CFEs) or malignancy‐associated‐changes (MACs) in oral cancer patients .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman exfoliative cytology for prognosis prediction in oral cancers: A proof of concept study

Sahu

Gera

Malik

et al. 2019

Journal of Biophotonics

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Oral cancer is associated with high rates of recurrence, attributable to field cancerization. Early detection of advanced field changes that can potentially progress to carcinoma can facilitate timely intervention and can lead to improved prognosis. Previous in vivo studies have successfully detected advanced field effects in oral cancers. Raman exfoliative cytology has previously shown to differentiate normal, oral precancer and cancers. The present study explores Raman-exfoliative-cytology-based detection of field effects. Exfoliated cells were collected from tumor (n = 16) and contralateral-normal appearing mucosa (n = 16) of oral cancer patients, and healthy tobacco habitués (n = 20). After spectral acquisition, specimens were Papstained for cytological evaluation. Data analysis, by Principal Component Analysis and Principal Component-Linear Discriminant Analysis, indicate several spectralmisclassifications between contralateral normal and tumor, which were investigated and correlated with spectral, cytological and clinical outcomes. A qualitative analysis by grouping patients with number of misclassifications with tumor (Group 1: 0, Group 2: 1 and Group 3: >1) was explored. Group 3 with highest misclassifications showed spectral and cytological similarity to tumor groupone patient was a case of early inoperable residual disease, despite clear margins on histopathology.Thus, these misclassifications could be indicative of cancer field changes, and can prospectively help to identify patients susceptible to recurrences. K E Y W O R D Sfield cancerization, oral cancers, pap staining, Raman exfoliative cytology, Raman spectroscopy

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman exfoliative cytology for prognosis prediction in oral cancers: A proof of concept study

Sahu

Gera

Malik

et al. 2019

Journal of Biophotonics

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“…We present example RCM images and video-mosaics, obtained in healthy volunteer subjects and patients from both clinical and surgical settings (Figs. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]). The feasibility of video-mosaicking is demonstrated at two key clinically relevant depths.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figures [3][4][5][6][7] show example cases of RCM imaging and video-mosaicking in normal mucosa on volunteers in the clinical setting. In the epithelium and at the epithelial junction, we observe honeycomb pattern of cells with cobblestone pattern of nuclei.…”

Section: Normal Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…To address this unmet need, a number of optical imaging and spectroscopic techniques are being developed for noninvasive detection of oral premalignancies and malignancies, which may serve as an adjunct for conventional oral examination [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. The pace of development has been remarkably rapid; we present only a quick summary while referring the reader to the vast literature for the current state of translation and clinical testing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feasibility of a Video‐Mosaicking Approach to Extend the Field‐of‐View For Reflectance Confocal Microscopy in the Oral Cavity In Vivo

et al. 2019

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Background Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a developing approach for noninvasive detection of oral lesions with label‐free contrast and cellular‐level resolution. For access into the oral cavity, confocal microscopes are being configured with small‐diameter telescopic probes and small objective lenses. However, a small probe and objective lens allows for a rather small field‐of‐view relative to the large areas of tissue that must be examined for diagnosis. To extend the field‐of‐view for intraoral RCM imaging, we are investigating a video‐mosaicking approach. Methods A relay telescope and objective lens were adapted to an existing confocal microscope for access into the oral cavity. Imaging was performed using metal three‐dimensional‐printed objective lens front‐end caps with coverslip windows to contact and stabilize the tissue and set depth. Four healthy volunteers (normal oral mucosa), one patient (with an amalgam tattoo) in a clinical setting, and 20 anesthetized patients (with oral squamous cell carcinoma [OSCC]) in a surgical setting were imaged. Instead of the usual still RCM images, videos were recorded and then processed into video‐mosaics. Thirty video‐mosaics were read and qualitatively assessed by an expert reader of RCM images of the oral mucosa. Results Whereas the objective lens’ native field‐of‐view is 0.75 mm × 0.75 mm, the video‐mosaics display larger areas, ranging from 2 mm × 2 mm to 4 mm × 2 mm, with resolution, morphologic detail, and image quality that is preserved relative to that observed in the original videos (individual images). Video‐mosaics in healthy volunteers’ and the patients’ images showed cellular morphologic patterns in the lower epithelium and at the epithelial junction, and connective tissue along with capillary loops and blood flow in the deeper lamina propria. In OSCC, tumor nests could be observed along with normal looking mucosa in margin areas. Conclusions Video‐mosaicking is a reasonably quick and efficient approach for extending the field‐of‐view of RCM imaging, which can, to some extent, overcome the inherent limitation of an intraoral probe's small field‐of‐view. Reading video‐mosaics can mimic the procedure for examining pathology: initial visualization of the spatial cellular and morphologic patterns of the tumor and the spread of tumor margins over larger areas of the lesion, followed by digitally zooming (magnifying) for closer inspection of suspicious areas. However, faster processing of videos into video‐mosaics will be necessary, to allow examination of video‐mosaics in real‐time at the bedside. Lasers Surg. Med. 51:439–451, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…Optical spectroscopy methods are sensitive at the molecular level and are ideally poised to provide alternative methods for diagnosis and screening of oral cancers [7]. The potential of vibrational spectroscopy for clinical diagnosis based on exfoliated epithelial cells has already been demonstrated for the case of cervical cancer [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of methodology for Raman microspectroscopic analysis of oral exfoliated cells

Behl¹,

Calado²,

Ibrahim³

et al. 2017

Anal. Methods

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Oral squamous cell carcinoma ranks as the 15th most common cancer worldwide. The present study was undertaken to standardise a protocol for the analysis of oral exfoliated cells using Raman microspectroscopy. For this purpose, samples were obtained from two different sites, based on prevalence of disease (ventral side of the tongue and buccal mucosa).Different oral rinsing agents were employed and it was concluded that non-alcoholic mouthwash adequately removes food debris. Samples were collected using various collection tools and compared. It was observed that endo-cervical brushes yielded cells from deeper layers of the epithelium. Furthermore, monolayer formation of cells was carried out adopting cytospin and ThinPrep techniques and only the ThinPrep method provided flat and separated cells on the glass slide. Raman spectra were acquired from the nuclear and cytoplasmic regions of the cell using an XploRA confocal Raman instrument (HORIBA Jobin Yvon) with a 532nm laser as source. Glass spectral contamination was removed using non negatively constrained least squares (NNLS) algorithms. Corrected spectra were subjected to principal components analysis (PCA) which was able to differentiate the nucleus and cytoplasm regions of the cell; based on nucleic acid and protein features respectively. However, no classification of the two anatomically different sites was observed according to PCA or PCA-LDA (Linear discriminant analysis) using either the nuclear or cytoplasmic spectra.Nevertheless, the study has developed a standardised protocol for sample collection, sample preparation, spectral acquisition and data processing for future studies of oral exfoliated cells based on Raman microspectroscopy.

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Recent advances in optical diagnosis of oral cancers: Review and future perspectives

Cited by 37 publications

References 65 publications

Raman exfoliative cytology for prognosis prediction in oral cancers: A proof of concept study

Raman exfoliative cytology for prognosis prediction in oral cancers: A proof of concept study

Feasibility of a Video‐Mosaicking Approach to Extend the Field‐of‐View For Reflectance Confocal Microscopy in the Oral Cavity In Vivo

Development of methodology for Raman microspectroscopic analysis of oral exfoliated cells

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