Recent advances in optical and infrared detector technology

Keyes, R. J.

doi:10.1007/3540101764_16

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…For the case of thermal detector, the in q can be represented by the absorbed energy abs P by the detecting material. Therefore from (8) and (9) we have:…”

Section: Thermal Detector Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So for good response at a modulation frequencyω , it requires that ω τ 1 << th [8,9]. That is the thermal time constant of the detector must be much smaller than the time period of modulation in order for the detector to reach a steady state temperature during each period A of emissivityε , then when it is in thermal equilibrium with its surroundings, it will radiate a total flux power proportional with: detector receiving surface area, surface emissivity, and forth power of temperature; that follows the Stefan-Boltzmann law [8,11] . We have two plots; the first one is the magnitude (amplitude) of detector temperature change in micro Kelvin.…”

Section: Thermal Detector Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal Radiation Detector (TRD) Modeling

Munshid Shellal

2011

ETJ

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This paper describes the theoretical principles of TRD operation based on thermal absorption of incident power of radiation. In the modelling procedures, the main parameters influencing on the detector features have been introduced. So the this model allow us to predict the behaviour of different types of thermal detectors. It is found that the temperature response of the detector against the frequency of incident radiation in logarithmic scale describes the TRD as a typical low pass filter characteristics. The cut off corner frequency is found to be at 1 Hz under which the temperature change attains a saturation value. In the sense that the thermal detector will detect all the incoming radiations of higher frequency.

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“…For the case of thermal detector, the in q can be represented by the absorbed energy abs P by the detecting material. Therefore from (8) and (9) we have:…”

Section: Thermal Detector Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermal Detector Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Radiation Detector (TRD) Modeling

Munshid Shellal

2011

ETJ

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“…Semiconductors doped by deep impurities have been successfully used for a long time as low-temperature detectors for infrared radiation [49]. The long-wavelength limit to their use is determined by the binding energy of the impurities.…”

Section: Ionization Of Deep Impurities By Terahertz Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunnelling ionization of deep centres in high-frequency electric fields

Ganichev

Yassievich

Prettl

2002

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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Experimental and theoretical work on the ionization of deep impurity centres in the alternating terahertz field of high-intensity far-infrared laser radiation, with photon energies tens of times lower than the impurity ionization energy, is reviewed. It is shown that impurity ionization is due to phonon-assisted tunnelling which proceeds at high electric field strengths into direct tunnelling without involving phonons. In the quasi-static regime of low frequencies the tunnelling probability is independent of frequency. Carrier emission is accomplished by defect tunnelling in configuration space and electron tunnelling through the potential well formed by the attractive force of the impurity and the externally applied electric field. The dependence of the ionization probability on the electric field strength permits one to determine defect tunnelling times, the structure of the adiabatic potentials of the defect, and the Huang-Rhys parameters of electron-phonon interaction.Raising the frequency leads to an enhancement of the tunnelling ionization and the tunnelling probability becomes frequency dependent. The transition from the frequency-independent quasi-static limit to frequency-dependent tunnelling is determined by the tunnelling time which is, in the case of phononassisted tunnelling, controlled by the temperature. This transition to the highfrequency limit represents the boundary between semiclassical physics, where the radiation field has a classical amplitude, and full quantum mechanics where the radiation field is quantized and impurity ionization is caused by multiphoton processes. In both the quasi-static and the high-frequency limits, the application of an external magnetic field perpendicular to the electric field reduces the ionization probability when the cyclotron frequency becomes larger than the reciprocal tunnelling time and also shifts the boundary between the quasi-static and the frequency-dependent limits to higher frequencies.At low intensities, ionization of charged impurities may also occur through the Poole-Frenkel effect by thermal excitation over the potential well formed by the Coulomb potential and the applied electric field. Poole-Frenkel ionization precedes the range of phonon-assisted tunnelling on the electric field scale and

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“…Spectroscopic gas sensing is an important application for emitters and detectors in the λ = 2-12 µm range. Photodetectors offer higher signal-to-noise ratios and faster response times than thermal detectors [1]. The faster response times allow real-time measurement of gas concentration, whilst using lock-in detection [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3 m InAs resonant-cavity-enhanced photodetector

Green

Gevaux

Roberts

et al. 2003

Semicond. Sci. Technol.

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This paper presents the design, fabrication and optoelectronic characterization of an InAs resonant-cavity-enhanced photodetector, intended for the detection of methane gas, incorporating a 10 period GaAs/AlAs distributed-Bragg reflector. The spectrally narrowed responsivity was resonantly enhanced to a value of 34.7 A W −1 , at an applied voltage of 3.0 V. This high resonantly enhanced peak in the responsivity was at λ = 3.14 µm, which is only 5% away from the target value.

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Recent advances in optical and infrared detector technology

Cited by 6 publications

References 102 publications

Thermal Radiation Detector (TRD) Modeling

Thermal Radiation Detector (TRD) Modeling

Tunnelling ionization of deep centres in high-frequency electric fields

3 m InAs resonant-cavity-enhanced photodetector

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