Recent Advances in On-Line Methods Based on Extraction for Speciation Analysis of Chromium in Environmental Matrices

Trzonkowska, Laura; Leśniewska, Barbara; Godlewska‐Żyłkiewicz, Beata

doi:10.1080/10408347.2015.1058698

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Solid phase extraction coupled with different detection systems is the most popular separation technique for speciation analysis of chromium due to its advantages, such as high enrichment factor, absence of emulsion, ability to be applied to field sampling, and easy automation using online approaches. 10,13 The current research in SPE is focused on the development of new sorbents based on nanostructured materials, magnetic nanoparticles, ion-imprinted polymers, and mesoporous silica. 32,33 Whereas monofunctional nanomaterials provide a single function, hybrid nanoparticles combine the properties of their nanoconstituents, which can be highly useful in simplifying analytical methods as well as exploring new challenges and applications relying on their synergistic effects.…”

Section: Nonchromatographic Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analytical strategies for separation and preconcentration techniques 10,12,13 as well as progress in miniaturization of measurement systems based on different extraction techniques were also critically discussed. 10,13 The paper by Zhou et al 11 dealt with preconcentration procedures for the determination of chromium following only atomic spectrometric techniques. The different directives and recommendations for chromium speciation in solid matrices (soils, sledges, sediments, and industrially produced samples) were reviewed by Uceta et al 8 In spite of the great number of papers about chromium speciation in different kinds of water, there is considerably less information regarding its species in food samples, e.g., plants, vegetables, or grains and the final products obtained from them, which are consumed by humans and animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chromium redox speciation in food samples

Pyrzyńska¹

2016

Turk J Chem

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Chromium is an element with important biological characteristics, depending on its different species. Cr(III) is considered as essential; however, the Cr(VI) form is classified as carcinogenic. For this reason, speciation analysis in food samples is a very important question. The proposed data procedures for chromium redox speciation in the literature can be divided into those with the use of online hyphenated techniques and those where appropriate sample pretreatment is necessary. The strategies for nonchromatographic speciation are mainly based on selective liquid-liquid extraction procedures, coprecipitation, selective separation of chromium species using a solid phase extraction column, or complexation reactions. In this paper, the application of these strategies for determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) contents in common food samples (water, milk, tea infusion, bread, and beer) are presented and discussed. This survey is an attempt to cover the state of the art since 2012.

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Section: Nonchromatographic Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chromium redox speciation in food samples

Pyrzyńska¹

2016

Turk J Chem

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“…Nowadays, flow systems based on SPE have been recognised as excellent tools for the automation of sample pretreatment, including separation and/or preconcentration of chromium species. 22 Different sorbents have been used for chromium speciation analysis in wastewater (Table 1). Different chromium forms are retained on commercially available sorbents 23 or sorbents functionalised with reagents containing anion or cation exchange functional groups, 24 chelating groups, 25−27 microorganisms, 28 or as organic complexes on sorbents possessing adsorptive properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel ion-imprinted polymeric sorbent for separation and determination of chromium(III) species in wastewater

Leśniewska¹,

Jakubowska²,

Zambrzycka³

et al. 2016

Turk J Chem

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A new chromium(III) ion-imprinted polymer (IIP) was prepared from a Cr(III)-nicotinate complex (template), acrylamide (functional monomer), and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (cross-linking agent) using 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile as the radical initiator. IIP was characterised and used as a selective sorbent for the solid-phase extraction of Cr(III) ions. The conditions for dynamic separation of Cr(III) on IIP were optimised. Cr(III) ions are selectively retained on the sorbent in a pH range from 9 to 10 and can be eluted with 4 mol L −1 acetic acid. Cr(III) ions were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) with a detection limit of 0.08 µ g mL −1. The method was successfully applied to determine Cr(III) species in wastewater and reference material RES 25.2 with a reproducibility of 1.8%-3.4%.

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“…In the first of them hyphenated techniques such as high performance liquid chromatography or capillary electrophoresis have been utilized [2,3]. In the second group, selective liquid-liquid extraction procedures, co-precipitation, separation of one or two chromium species onto a solid phase extraction column or complexation reactions have been proposed [4][5][6]. Such approaches enable also preconcentration of given species.…”

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confidence: 99%

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2017

MOJFPT

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The most stable oxidation states of chromium, e.g. Cr(III) and Cr(VI), exhibit significantly different biological and toxicological properties. Cr(III) is considered as an essential element for the proper functioning of living organisms, particularly in glucose metabolism, while Cr(VI) shows mutagenic effects. It is regarded as carcinogenic owing to its oxidizing potential and easy permeation of biological membranes. Unfortunately, Cr(VI) compounds have a large application in industry, and soils and sediments can become contaminated with this species. Because of the dangerous effects of hexavalent chromium and its high mobility in the environment, several directives have been adopted by the European Commission to limit the release of Cr(VI) into the environment. The maximum concentration of total chromium and Cr(VI) in drinking water was set as 50 µg/L and 20 µg/L, respectively, according to European Council Directive 98/83/EC. For this reason, the selective determination of Cr(VI) in different food samples is of particular importance. Thor et al. [1] evaluated the availability and reliability of analytical data on the total chromium composition of foods reported in the literature [1].The proposed in literature analytical procedures for speciation of chromium can be divided onto two groups. In the first of them hyphenated techniques such as high performance liquid chromatography or capillary electrophoresis have been utilized [2,3]. In the second group, selective liquid-liquid extraction procedures, co-precipitation, separation of one or two chromium species onto a solid phase extraction column or complexation reactions have been proposed [4][5][6]. Such approaches enable also preconcentration of given species. The content of the second species is then calculated by the difference after determination of total chromium preceded reduction of Cr(VI) or oxidation of Cr(III).The analytical procedure for chromium speciation in food samples depends on the nature of the sample matrix. Additionally, exposure to light, the type of storage container and high storage temperature may affect the stability of chromium species [4,5]. The lower the pH of solution, the more likely it is for the species of chromium to be Cr(III) or be converted to Cr(III). Thus, the main difficulty is to preserve the initial distribution of both redox chromium species in a sample as well as to obtain the high extraction efficiency [7]. From solid food samples chromium species have to be extracted. Na 2 CO 3 solution at elevated temperature was used for extraction of Cr(VI) from several species of plants collected in South Africa and Russia [8], tea leaves [9,10] and tomato and corn leaves [9]. This alkaline digestion procedure was recommended for Cr(VI) extraction from soils, sediments and similar materials as US EPA 3060A method. The accuracy of selective extraction of Cr(VI) was verified by the analysis of CRM 545 with good agreement between the certified and determined value [8]. However, that reference material (Cr (VI) in welding dust) has c...

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Recent Advances in On-Line Methods Based on Extraction for Speciation Analysis of Chromium in Environmental Matrices

Cited by 22 publications

References 60 publications

Chromium redox speciation in food samples

Chromium redox speciation in food samples

A novel ion-imprinted polymeric sorbent for separation and determination of chromium(III) species in wastewater

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