Recent advances in near-infrared emitting lanthanide-doped nanoconstructs: Mechanism, design and application for bioimaging

Xu, Jiating; Gulzar, Arif; Yang, Piaoping; Bi, Huiting; Yang, Dan; Gai, Shili; He, Fei; Lin, Jun; Xing, Bengang; Jin, Dayong

doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2018.11.014

Cited by 265 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 262 publications

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“…et al, 2017 ; Stroyuk et al, 2018 ; Lu et al, 2020 ), rare-earth nanocrystals offer remarkable optical advantages, such as narrow “atomic-line” emission from the internal f-f transitions of lanthanide ions, large stokes or anti-stokes shifts, long luminescence lifetime, and high photochemical stability, and thus are potentially useful for diverse imaging applications (Zhou et al, 2012 ; Liu et al, 2014 ; Fan et al, 2018 ; Ai et al, 2019 ). Especially, emitting lanthanide Er 3+ ions based rare-earth nanocrystals have aroused intense interests because Er 3+ ions present a longer down-conversion emission wavelength at 1,525 nm in the second NIR window (NIR II, 1,000–1,700 nm), which enables a virtual zero auto-fluorescence interference of tissues in bio-imaging, apart from the up-conversion emission at 541 nm and 656 nm in the visible and NIR I region (NIR I, 650–950 nm), respectively (Shen et al, 2013 ; Xu et al, 2019 ). However, due to the low absorption cross-section (~10 −20 cm 2 ) of lanthanide ions caused by the parity-forbidden transition of 4f electrons (Tu et al, 2015 ), and non-radiative relaxation between multi-energy levels, their up- and down-conversion luminescence efficiencies are generally low, which obviously hinders their applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Doping Lanthanide Nanocrystals With Non-lanthanide Ions to Simultaneously Enhance Up- and Down-Conversion Luminescence

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2020

Front. Chem.

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The rare-earth nanocrystals containing Er 3+ emitters offer very promising tools for imaging applications, as they can not only exhibit up-conversion luminescence but also down-conversion luminescence in the second near-infrared window (NIR II). Doping non-lanthanide cations into host matrix was demonstrated to be an effective measure for improving the luminescence efficiency of Er 3+ ions, while still awaiting in-depth investigations on the effects of dopants especially those with high valence states on the optical properties of lanthanide nanocrystals. To address this issue, tetravalent Zr 4+ doped hexagonal NaGdF 4 :Yb,Er nanocrystals were prepared, and the enhancement effects of the Zr 4+ doping level on both up-conversion luminescence in the visible window and down-conversion luminescence in NIR II window were investigated, with steady-state and transient luminescence spectroscopies. The key role of the local crystal field distortions around Er 3+ emitters was elucidated in combination with the results based on both of Zr 4+ and its lower valence counterparts, e.g., Sc 3+ , Mg 2+ , Mn 2+ . Univalent ions such as Li + was utilized to substitute Na + ion rather than Gd 3+ , and the synergistic effects of Zr 4+ and Li + ions by co-doping them into NaGdF 4 :Yb,Er nanocrystals were investigated toward optimal enhancement. Upon optimization, the up-conversion emission of co-doped NaGdF 4 :Yb,Er nanocrystals was enhanced by more than one order of magnitude compared with undoped nanocrystals. The current studies thus demonstrate that the local crystal field surrounding emitters is an effective parameter for manipulating the luminescence of lanthanide emitters.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Doping Lanthanide Nanocrystals With Non-lanthanide Ions to Simultaneously Enhance Up- and Down-Conversion Luminescence

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2020

Front. Chem.

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“…Due to the rich energy levels of Ln 3+ , their emissions cover the spectrum region from ultraviolet, visible to NIR. As an alternative to the traditional NIR-II probes, Ln 3+ -doped nanoparticles (NPs) are particularly intriguing owing to their superior properties, including high stability against photobleaching, long-lived (μs-ms) luminescence for timegated detection, and narrow emission bands for multiplexed sensing [31,[44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] ) were reported to produce NIR-II light ( Fig. 1), but the NIR-II quantum yields (QYs) of most Ln 3+ -doped NPs were still too low to fulfill their practical application in luminescent biosensing.…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, their applications in vivo are limited by the strong absorption and scattering of visible lights in the biological media [11][12][13]. To circumvent these restrictions, luminescent probes exhibiting emission between 1,000 and 1,700 nm within the second near-infrared (NIR-II) region have been emerging in recent years since they can dramatically reduce scattering lights and increase penetration depth in biological applications, compared with those emitting in the visible or the first NIR (NIR-I, 750-1,000 nm) regions [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lanthanide-doped near-infrared II luminescent nanoprobes for bioapplications

Lian

et al. 2019

Sci. China Mater.

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Luminescent biosensing in the second nearinfrared (NIR-II) region is featured with superior spatial resolution and high penetration depth by virtue of the suppressed scattering of long-wavelength photons. Hitherto, the reported NIR-II nanoprobes are mostly based on carbon nanotubes, organic fluorophores or semiconducting quantum dots. As an alternative, trivalent lanthanide ions (Ln 3+) doped nanoparticles have been emerging as a novel class of promising nanoprobes. In this review, we highlight the recent progress in the design of highly efficient Ln 3+-doped NIR-II nanoparticles towards their emerging bioapplications, with an emphasis on autofluorescence-free bioimaging, sensitive bioassay, and accurate temperature sensing. Moreover, some efforts and challenges towards this rapidly expanding field are envisioned.

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“…It is known that the light located in the range of 700–950 nm and 1,000–1,700 nm is considered as transparency window for bio‐imaging because the absorption coefficients of endogenous molecules and water are rare in these ranges (Smith, Mancini, & Nie, 2009; Zhang, Qiao, & Yang, 2015). This would offer high brightness infrared fluorescence and satisfactory imaging depth (Li, Li, & Xue, 2018; Xu, Gulzar, & Yang, 2019; Xu, Yan, & Lv, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel photostable near‐infrared‐to‐near‐infrared fluorescent nanoparticle for in vivo imaging

et al. 2020

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Water‐soluble K5HoLi2F10 (KHLF) nanoprobes with the excitation and emission both in the near‐infrared (NIR) region were developed and first demonstrated for in vivo imaging of living mice. The PEG400 coating endows the nanoprobes with good water solubility and biocompatibility. Doping with Ho3+ ions is capable of emitting NIR fluorescence with two peaks centered, respectively, at 887 and 1,180 nm once excited by a 808 nm laser; meanwhile, it also possess good photothermal conversion performance. The KHLF matrix with specifically structure of large ion‐distance and low photon energy imparts the nanoprobes low quenching effect and excellent photostability (fluorescence decrease <5% upon 120 min illumination of 808 nm continuous laser with a power density of 1 W/cm2). The nanoparticles (NPs) were tested for in vitro bioimaging with living mice. The results show the NPs have low biotoxicity, rapid metabolism, normal biodistribution, together with the photothermal imaging performance and a high‐contrast fluorescence images (signal‐to‐background ratio of 14:1). The superior performances of these nanoprobes in vivo imaging of mice proclaim the great potential of this type of probe for high‐contrast imaging and photothermal treatment in practical applications.

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Recent advances in near-infrared emitting lanthanide-doped nanoconstructs: Mechanism, design and application for bioimaging

Cited by 265 publications

References 262 publications

Doping Lanthanide Nanocrystals With Non-lanthanide Ions to Simultaneously Enhance Up- and Down-Conversion Luminescence

Doping Lanthanide Nanocrystals With Non-lanthanide Ions to Simultaneously Enhance Up- and Down-Conversion Luminescence

Lanthanide-doped near-infrared II luminescent nanoprobes for bioapplications

A novel photostable near‐infrared‐to‐near‐infrared fluorescent nanoparticle for in vivo imaging

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