Recent Advances in Nanozyme-Mediated Strategies for Pathogen Detection and Control

Abstract

Pathogen detection and control have long presented formidable challenges in the domains of medicine and public health. This review paper underscores the potential of nanozymes as emerging bio-mimetic enzymes that hold promise in effectively tackling these challenges. The key features and advantages of nanozymes are introduced, encompassing their comparable catalytic activity to natural enzymes, enhanced stability and reliability, cost effectiveness, and straightforward preparation methods. Subsequently, the paper delves into the detailed utilization of nanozymes for pathogen detection. This includes their application as biosensors, facilitating rapid and sensitive identification of diverse pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and plasmodium. Furthermore, the paper explores strategies employing nanozymes for pathogen control, such as the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), HOBr/Cl regulation, and clearance of extracellular DNA to impede pathogen growth and transmission. The review underscores the vast potential of nanozymes in pathogen detection and control through numerous specific examples and case studies. The authors highlight the efficiency, rapidity, and specificity of pathogen detection achieved with nanozymes, employing various strategies. They also demonstrate the feasibility of nanozymes in hindering pathogen growth and transmission. These innovative approaches employing nanozymes are projected to provide novel options for early disease diagnoses, treatment, and prevention. Through a comprehensive discourse on the characteristics and advantages of nanozymes, as well as diverse application approaches, this paper serves as a crucial reference and guide for further research and development in nanozyme technology. The expectation is that such advancements will significantly contribute to enhancing disease control measures and improving public health outcomes.

The Combination of Antibiotic and Non-Antibiotic Compounds Improves Antibiotic Efficacy against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

“…Nanoenzymes are diverse but most of them mediate catalytic reactions (mainly redox reactions) [205]. The redox-catalyzed activity of nanoenzymes generates a free radical storm that breaks the ROS balance, thus destroying the integrity of cell membranes, degrading a wide range of molecules, including nucleic acids, proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids, and destroying the morphology of bacteria, thereby killing MDR bacteria [206][207][208][209]. Yao et al [210] reported the use of pathogen-targeting bimetallic BiPt nanozymes exhibiting dual-enzymatic activities, including peroxidase-mimic and oxidase-mimic activities, for the nanocatalytic treatment of an MDR pathogen.…”

Photothermal Hydrogel Composites Featuring G4-Carbon Nanomaterial Networks for Staphylococcus aureus Inhibition

“…Bacterial infections pose a significant threat to human health, presenting a substantial global challenge that endangers public well-being and places a substantial economic burden on society. − During the twentieth century and the early years of the twenty-first century, antibiotics were the primary choice for treating infectious diseases, serving as the foundation of modern medicine’s approach to combatting bacterial infections. , However, the irresponsible utilization and administration of antibiotics have caused the antibiotic tolerance and resistance , and highlighted the importance of researching alternative therapeutic techniques. Such efforts are focused not only on combating more efficiently bacterial infections but also on reducing the chance of developing antimicrobial resistance .…”