Recent advances in nanomaterials for enhanced photothermal therapy of tumors

Abstract

Recent advances in nanomaterials for enhanced therapeutic efficacy of photothermal therapy in tumor treatment were highlighted.

Deep-Tissue Photothermal Therapy Using Laser Illumination at NIR-IIa Window

“…PTT was carried out when the tumor volume reached ≈ 60 mm 3 . Before laser irradiation, mice were anesthetized with 2% isoflurane using a MATRX VIP 3000 anesthesia machine.…”

“…Compared to traditional therapeutic modalities, PTT displays excellent performance in tumor treatment owing to not only high specificity but also precise spatial and temporal selectivity [1]. The crucial factors that determine the PTT outcomes of solid tumors are mainly the absorption of photothermal transduction agents (PTAs) and the penetration depth of irradiation into tumor tissue [2][3][4]. Though great efforts have been devoted to increase the photothermal conversion efficiencies of PTAs, current PTT applications are still only suited for superficial tumors because of the limited penetration depth of light illumination [4][5][6].…”

Photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy in the second near-infrared window

“…The factors that affect the photothermal ablation of solid tumors are mainly the absorption of the PTT agent in the NIR region and the penetration depth of the tumor tissue. 65,[80][81][82][83][84] Currently, PTT in the NIR-II window has received increasing attention due to its merits of deep penetration ability, high MPE, and excellent ablation of tumor.…”

Hydrogels: soft matters in photomedicine

“…The process results in increased kinetic energy and heat production in the local environment inducing necrosis and/or apoptosis. 391,426,427 One of the major advantages of PTT is the PTT agent's activation by NIR exposure, which has minimal interactions with water and biomacromolecules, and deep tissue penetration. 428,429 Hydrogels that undergo structural changes to stimuli including heat are favorable systems for PTT therapy.…”