Recent Advances in Nano-Formulations for Skin Wound Repair Applications

Abstract

Skin injuries caused by accidents and acute or chronic diseases place a heavy burden on patients and health care systems. Current treatments mainly depend on preventing infection, debridement, and hemostasis and on supplementing growth factors, but patients will still have scar tissue proliferation or difficulty healing and other problems after treatment. Conventional treatment usually focuses on a single factor or process of wound repair and often ignores the influence of the wound pathological microenvironment on the final healing effect. Therefore, it is of substantial research value to develop multifunctional therapeutic methods that can actively regulate the wound microenvironment and reduce the oxidative stress level at the wound site to promote the repair of skin wounds. In recent years, various bioactive nanomaterials have shown great potential in tissue repair and regeneration due to their properties, including their unique surface interface effect, small size effect, enzyme activity and quantum effect. This review summarizes the mechanisms underlying skin wound repair and the defects in traditional treatment methods. We focus on analyzing the advantages of different types of nanomaterials and comment on their toxicity and side effects when used for skin wound repair.

State-of-the-Art and Perspectives for Nanomaterials Combined with Nitric Oxide Donors: From Biomedical to Agricultural Applications

“…Nanomaterials allied to NO donors can have tremendous positive effects in dermatological applications, given the surface-level interactions with the in vivo environment. 112 In other words, due to their nanosize, NO-releasing NPs significantly enhance the NO-interaction and penetration within wound sites. Moreover, topical/ dermatological applications of NO-releasing nanomaterials are considered as the nearest to commercialization.…”

“…This is a promising field of study, and much effort is still needed in vitro and in vivo to consider the applications of these therapies in clinical trials. Nanomaterials allied to NO donors can have tremendous positive effects in dermatological applications, given the surface-level interactions with the in vivo environment . In other words, due to their nanosize, NO-releasing NPs significantly enhance the NO-interaction and penetration within wound sites.…”

Biobran-loaded core/shell nanofibrous scaffold: a promising wound dressing candidate

“…24 The skin has the capacity to restore its integrity through the wound healing process. 25,26 Bacterial infection is a major impediment to wound healing, as it necessitates more antibiotic regimens and longer recovery times. 1,27 Conventional antibiotics have become less effective in managing wound infections due to the emergence and spread of antibioticresistant microorganisms, which is partly attributed to antibiotic misuse.…”

Treatment of skin defects with PRP enriched with hyaluronic acid – histological aspects in rat model

“…The skin is the largest organ of both humans and animals, and it is an indispensable structure for the body’s homeostasis. The skin functions as a barrier to protect the human body from harmful agents of the external environment, such as microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi), radiation, and chemical and physical agents [ 1 , 2 ]. Furthermore, the skin serves essential roles for the body, such as maintaining the body’s fluids and temperature in balance, synthesizing vitamin D, transmitting, and detecting environmental changes, regulating the immune response, and so on [ 3 , 4 ].…”

“…Being an organ with a very large surface area and directly exposed to the external environment, the skin is susceptible to burns, various wounds, infections, inflammations, accidents, and skin damage caused by the action of physical or chemical factors, or following surgical interventions, neoplastic injuries, etc. [ 2 , 5 , 6 ]. Skin disease diagnosis and treatment have advanced significantly over the past few decades due to the contributions of doctors and researchers.…”