Recent advances in mycobacterial cell wall glycan biosynthesis

Tam, Pui-Hang; Lowary, Todd L.

doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.09.012

Cited by 40 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Many of the 332 proteins were associated, in this isolate, with the structure or synthesis of the cell membrane, with 83 membrane proteins, 12 transferases, and 17 lipoproteins. In addition, 65 of the proteins were uncharacterized, and it is plausible that many of these uncharacterized proteins may also be associated with the mycobacterial cell wall, since our knowledge of its biology is still far from complete [29,30]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and comparison of the pan-genomic properties of sixteen well-characterized bacterial genera

et al. 2010

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BackgroundThe increasing availability of whole genome sequences allows the gene or protein content of different organisms to be compared, leading to burgeoning interest in the relatively new subfield of pan-genomics. However, while several studies have analyzed protein content relationships in specific groups of bacteria, there has yet to be a study that provides a general characterization of protein content relationships in a broad range of bacteria.ResultsA variation on reciprocal BLAST hits was used to infer relationships among proteins in several groups of bacteria, and data regarding protein conservation and uniqueness in different bacterial genera are reported in terms of "core proteomes", "unique proteomes", and "singlets". We also analyzed the relationship between protein content similarity and the percent identity of the 16S rRNA gene in pairs of bacterial isolates from the same genus, and found that the strength of this relationship varied substantially depending on the genus, perhaps reflecting different rates of genome evolution and/or horizontal gene transfer. Finally, core proteomes and unique proteomes were used to study the proteomic cohesiveness of several bacterial species, revealing that some bacterial species had little cohesiveness in their protein content, with some having fewer proteins unique to that species than randomly-chosen sets of isolates from the same genus.ConclusionsThe results described in this study aid our understanding of protein content relationships in different bacterial groups, allowing us to make further inferences regarding genome-environment relationships, genome evolution, and the soundness of existing taxonomic classifications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and comparison of the pan-genomic properties of sixteen well-characterized bacterial genera

et al. 2010

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“…GlfT2 subsequently adds up to 20 galactofuranosyl residues (92) generating the polyisoprenoid lipid-linked intermediate (decaprenol-PP-GlcNAcRha-Galf n ). Further elaboration of the arabinogalactan molecule involves the addition of arabinosyl residues by the Emb and Aft proteins (13,158). An NBD homolog similar to Rv3781 is found in Corynebacterium glutamicum, which also synthesizes an arabinogalactan (34).…”

Section: A Common Mechanism For the Export Of Some Gram-positive Lipomentioning

confidence: 99%

ABC Transporters Involved in Export of Cell Surface Glycoconjugates

Cuthbertson

Kos

Whitfield

2010

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

173

152

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SUMMARY Complex glycoconjugates play critical roles in the biology of microorganisms. Despite the remarkable diversity in glycan structures and the bacteria that produce them, conserved themes are evident in the biosynthesis-export pathways. One of the primary pathways involves representatives of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily. These proteins are responsible for the export of a wide variety of cell surface oligo- and polysaccharides in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Recent investigations of the structure and function of ABC transporters involved in the export of lipopolysaccharide O antigens have revealed two fundamentally different strategies for coupling glycan polymerization to export. These mechanisms are distinguished by the presence (or absence) of characteristic nonreducing terminal modifications on the export substrates, which serve as chain termination and/or export signals, and by the presence (or absence) of a discrete substrate-binding domain in the nucleotide-binding domain polypeptide of the ABC transporter. A bioinformatic survey examining ABC exporters from known oligo- and polysaccharide biosynthesis loci identifies conserved nucleotide-binding domain protein families that correlate well with themes in the structures and assembly of glycans. The familial relationships among the ABC exporters generate hypotheses concerning the biosynthesis of structurally diverse oligo- and polysaccharides, which play important roles in the biology of bacteria with different lifestyles.

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“…The mAG glycosidic linkages are formed via the β-(1→5) and β-(1→6) of the galactan fragment, and the α-(1→3), α-(1→5), and β-(1→2) of the arabinan residues. The mycolic acid portion caps the arabinan domain, completing the mAG [23,24]. The mAG is further covalently linked to peptidoglycan (PG) via a phosphoryl-N-acetylglucosaminosyl-rhamnose linker, and is commonly referred to as the mycolyl arabinogalactan peptidoglycan (mAGP) complex [25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Cell Wall Of Mtbmentioning

confidence: 99%