Recent Advances in Molecular Diagnosis of Pseudomonasaeruginosa Infection by State-of-the-Art Genotyping Techniques

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a rod-shaped Gram-negative bacterium which is notably known as a pathogen in humans, animals, and plants. Infections caused by P. aeruginosa especially in hospitalized patients are often life-threatening and rapidly increasing worldwide throughout the years. Recently, multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa has taken a toll on humans’ health due to the inefficiency of antimicrobial agents. Therefore, the rapid and advanced diagnostic techniques to accurately detect this bacterium particularly in clinical samples are indeed necessary to ensure timely and effective treatments and to prevent outbreaks. This review aims to discuss most recent of state-of-the-art molecular diagnostic techniques enabling fast and accurate detection and identification of P. aeruginosa based on well-developed genotyping techniques, e.g., polymerase chain reaction, pulse-field gel electrophoresis, and next generation sequencing. The advantages and limitations of each of the methods are also reviewed.

A Core Genome Multilocus Sequence Typing Scheme for Pseudomonas aeruginosa

“…The cgMLST scheme proposed here helped to discriminate isolates belonging to the same ST, while clearly grouping isolates that had been epidemiologically linked in the original publications. Even though MLST is widely used in epidemiological studies, the fact that it addresses less that 0.1% of the genome, often limits its discriminatory power (Li et al, 2009;Sabat et al, 2013;Davis et al, 2015;Tang et al, 2017;Chen et al, 2018;Ghanem and El-Gazzar, 2018;Kimura, 2018). Our results are in agreement with recent publications for pathogens such as Enterococcus faecium, L. monocytogenes, A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae, and E. faecalis (de Been et al, 2015;Ruppitsch et al, 2015;Higgins et al, 2017;Zhou et al, 2017;Neumann et al, 2019).…”

Tracing Mastitis Pathogens—Epidemiological Investigations of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa Mastitis Outbreak in an Austrian Dairy Herd

“…Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa , a Gram-negative oxidase-positive rod shaped, motile bacterium is associated with acute and chronic infections in various species. In humans, P. aeruginosa is considered an opportunistic pathogen responsible for high morbidity and mortality infection rates leading to pneumonia, septicemia, and necrosis in immunocompromised patients [ 1 ]. Because of high antimicrobial resistance rates, the World Health Organization [ 2 ] additionally lists it as a critical priority pathogen.…”

An Immunochemical Approach to Quantify and Assess the Potential Value of the Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal as a Biomarker of Infection

“… 8 Also, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods have appeared as interesting alternatives to identify pathogens. 9 However, these techniques require complex selection of the targets, tedious and time-consuming extractions, highly trained personnel, and/or expensive equipment, 10 which prevent their wide implementation on clinical settings. Point of care (PoC) devices may be a promising option in future routine clinical diagnostics, providing rapid reliable responses and being low cost and user-friendly to use.…”