Recent Advances in Modeling of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Land Surface in the Coupled WRF-CMAQ Model

Pleim, Jonathan; Gilliam, Robert C.; Appel, Wyat; Ran, Limei

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24478-5_64

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The updated WRF/CMAQ contains changes to vegetation and soil processes in the PX LSM as well as to PBL processes in ACM2 [ Pleim et al ., ]. The improvements to the vegetation and PBL processes are included in the releases of WRF version 3.7 (WRF v3.7) and CMAQ version 5.1 (CMAQ v5.1).…”

Section: Vegetation and Soil Process Improvementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure displays the change of original F 1 ( F 1_old) and improved F1 ( F 1_new) functions with R g . The reason for changing the F 1 function is to slightly reduce G c in low solar radiation regimes, particularly during the evening transition [ Pleim et al ., ]. Thus, a reduced G c will result in restricted transpiration, and therefore, lower LH flux and more energy can be partitioned into sensible heat to delay the evening transition to stable conditions.…”

Section: Vegetation and Soil Process Improvementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, a reduced G c will result in restricted transpiration, and therefore, lower LH flux and more energy can be partitioned into sensible heat to delay the evening transition to stable conditions. Thus, the improved function can help reduce wet bias tendency of 2 m Q and maintain atmosphere mixing longer during the evening transition in WRF/CMAQ thereby mitigating the tendency of WRF/CMAQ to overestimate the near‐surface concentrations of some pollutants (e.g., NO x ) and underestimate ozone [ Pleim et al ., ].…”

Section: Vegetation and Soil Process Improvementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The previous study using the standard WRF v3.4 modified for MODIS input and CMAQ v5.0.2 over the period from 10 August to 9 September 2006 shows mixed results with much warmer and dryer conditions in much of western North America where MODIS vegetation shows substantially less coverage [ Ran et al ., ]. Based on the results from the previous study, the WRF/CMAQ modeling system is updated to include recent improvements [ Pleim et al ., ] in the PX LSM vegetation (in WRF v3.7) and soil (not in public release) processes and in the ACM2 PBL processes (in WRF v3.7 and CMAQ v5.1). The updated WRF/CMAQ modeling system demonstrates clear improvements in the 2 m T and Q , 10 m WS, and near‐surface ozone concentration simulations with and without MODIS input for this period around August.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Plansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most recent version of the WRF/CMAQ modeling system developed at EPA since the study by Ran et al . [] has improvements and updates in the soil, vegetation, and planetary boundary layer (PBL) processes [ Pleim et al ., ]. The research presented here furthers the work by Ran et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improved meteorology from an updated WRF/CMAQ modeling system with MODIS vegetation and albedo

et al. 2016

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Realistic vegetation characteristics and phenology from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products improve the simulation for the meteorology and air quality modeling system WRF/CMAQ (Weather Research and Forecasting model and Community Multiscale Air Quality model) that employs the Pleim‐Xiu land surface model (PX LSM). Recently, PX LSM WRF/CMAQ has been updated in vegetation, soil, and boundary layer processes resulting in improved 2 m temperature (T) and mixing ratio (Q), 10 m wind speed, and surface ozone simulations across the domain compared to the previous version for a period around August 2006. Yearlong meteorology simulations with the updated system demonstrate that MODIS input helps reduce bias of the 2 m Q estimation during the growing season from April to September. Improvements follow the green‐up in the southeast from April and move toward the west and north through August. From October to March, MODIS input does not have much influence on the system because vegetation is not as active. The greatest effects of MODIS input include more accurate phenology, better representation of leaf area index (LAI) for various forest ecosystems and agricultural areas, and realistically sparse vegetation coverage in the western drylands. Despite the improved meteorology, MODIS input causes higher bias for the surface O3 simulation in April, August, and October in areas where MODIS LAI is much less than the base LAI. Thus, improvements may be needed in the CMAQ dry deposition model for low LAI areas where deposition on the soil surface becomes important.

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Section: Vegetation and Soil Process Improvementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vegetation and Soil Process Improvementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vegetation and Soil Process Improvementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conclusion and Future Plansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improved meteorology from an updated WRF/CMAQ modeling system with MODIS vegetation and albedo

et al. 2016

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A photosynthesis‐based two‐leaf canopy stomatal conductance model for meteorology and air quality modeling with WRF/CMAQ PX LSM

et al. 2017

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A coupled photosynthesis‐stomatal conductance model with single‐layer sunlit and shaded leaf canopy scaling is implemented and evaluated in a diagnostic box model with the Pleim‐Xiu land surface model (PX LSM) and ozone deposition model components taken directly from the meteorology and air quality modeling system—WRF/CMAQ (Weather Research and Forecast model and Community Multiscale Air Quality model). The photosynthesis‐based model for PX LSM (PX PSN) is evaluated at a FLUXNET site for implementation against different parameterizations and the current PX LSM approach with a simple Jarvis function (PX Jarvis). Latent heat flux (LH) from PX PSN is further evaluated at five FLUXNET sites with different vegetation types and landscape characteristics. Simulated ozone deposition and flux from PX PSN are evaluated at one of the sites with ozone flux measurements. Overall, the PX PSN simulates LH as well as the PX Jarvis approach. The PX PSN, however, shows distinct advantages over the PX Jarvis approach for grassland that likely result from its treatment of C3 and C4 plants for CO2 assimilation. Simulations using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) leaf area index (LAI) rather than LAI measured at each site assess how the model would perform with grid averaged data used in WRF/CMAQ. MODIS LAI estimates degrade model performance at all sites but one site having exceptionally old and tall trees. Ozone deposition velocity and ozone flux along with LH are simulated especially well by the PX PSN compared to significant overestimation by the PX Jarvis for a grassland site.

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Evaluation of the Community Multiscale Air Quality Model for Simulating Winter Ozone Formation in the Uinta Basin

et al. 2017

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The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) models were used to simulate a 10 day high‐ozone episode observed during the 2013 Uinta Basin Winter Ozone Study (UBWOS). The baseline model had a large negative bias when compared to ozone (O3) and volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements across the basin. Contrary to other wintertime Uinta Basin studies, predicted nitrogen oxides (NOx) were typically low compared to measurements. Increases to oil and gas VOC emissions resulted in O3 predictions closer to observations, and nighttime O3 improved when reducing the deposition velocity for all chemical species. Vertical structures of these pollutants were similar to observations on multiple days. However, the predicted surface layer VOC mixing ratios were generally found to be underestimated during the day and overestimated at night. While temperature profiles compared well to observations, WRF was found to have a warm temperature bias and too low nighttime mixing heights. Analyses of more realistic snow heat capacity in WRF to account for the warm bias and vertical mixing resulted in improved temperature profiles, although the improved temperature profiles seldom resulted in improved O3 profiles. While additional work is needed to investigate meteorological impacts, results suggest that the uncertainty in the oil and gas emissions contributes more to the underestimation of O3. Further, model adjustments based on a single site may not be suitable across all sites within the basin.

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Recent Advances in Modeling of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Land Surface in the Coupled WRF-CMAQ Model

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

Improved meteorology from an updated WRF/CMAQ modeling system with MODIS vegetation and albedo

Improved meteorology from an updated WRF/CMAQ modeling system with MODIS vegetation and albedo

A photosynthesis‐based two‐leaf canopy stomatal conductance model for meteorology and air quality modeling with WRF/CMAQ PX LSM

Evaluation of the Community Multiscale Air Quality Model for Simulating Winter Ozone Formation in the Uinta Basin

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