Recent advances in metal–organic frameworks and their composites for the phototherapy of skin wounds

Abstract

Wound healing is a complex process that greatly affects normal physiological activities of genes, proteins, signaling pathways, tissues, and organs. Bacterial infection could easily lead to the serious tissue damage...

Metal-Organic Frameworks Applications in Synergistic Cancer Photo-Immunotherapy

“…PDT is a novel and non-invasive therapy that specifically destroys tumor cells; it is dependent on the efficiency of the photosensitizer, light, and oxygen available in the TME [ 81 ]. Synthesis of intrinsic photodynamic MOFs often involves the use of porphyrins and their derivatives (dihydroporphyphenol, chlorophyllin) [ 7 , 82 ]. Porphyrins are organic heterocyclic macrocycles composed of four pyrrole groups connected by methylene bridges [ 82 , 83 ].…”

“…Synthesis of intrinsic photodynamic MOFs often involves the use of porphyrins and their derivatives (dihydroporphyphenol, chlorophyllin) [ 7 , 82 ]. Porphyrins are organic heterocyclic macrocycles composed of four pyrrole groups connected by methylene bridges [ 82 , 83 ]. Their application in phototherapy is attractive due to their prevalence in natural systems; this makes them ideal for use in biological singlet oxygen production with the absence of significant cytotoxicity without light [ 84 ].…”

Copper(ii)-MOFs for bio-applications

“…Today, various MOFs are being investigated for their use as healing agents 127 Among them, MOFs made up of metallic copper centers have stood out, since these ions have been shown to have antimicrobial properties to prevent infections, 128 anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and the ability to promote wound healing. 129 Therefore, there are copper MOF-type hydrogels, which are materials that can maintain a humid environment in the wound and can have exudate absorption properties, be adherent to the wound, and provide a favorable environment for cell regeneration.…”

Ga3+ loaded radiation crosslinked gel-Alg-CMC hydrogels for promoting diabetic wound healing

“…7,8 Therefore, in the case of skin breakage, bacteria are more likely to invade the organism through the wound and there is a great need for a suitable antimicrobial dressing to manage the wound. 9 As a polymer matrix containing a large number of hydrophilic groups, hydrogels have a wide range of applications in areas such as wound management because they are similar in composition of extracellular matrices. 10 Furthermore, considering that many bacteria is hydrophilic under physiological conditions.…”

“…7,8 Therefore, in the case of skin breakage, bacteria are more likely to invade the organism through the wound and there is a great need for a suitable antimicrobial dressing to manage the wound. 9…”