Recent Advances in Membrane Based Waste Water Treatment Technology: A Review

2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

437

100

Graphical abstract Surging dismissal of plastics into water resources results in the splintered debris generating microscopic particles called microplastics. The reduced size of microplastic makes it easier for intake by aquatic organisms resulting in amassing of noxious wastes, thereby disturbing their physiological functions. Microplastics are abundantly available and exhibit high propensity for interrelating with the ecosystem thereby disrupting the biogenic flora and fauna. About 71% of the earth surface is occupied by oceans, which holds 97% of the earth’s water. The remaining 3% is present as water in ponds, streams, glaciers, ice caps, and as water vapor in the atmosphere. Microplastics can accumulate harmful pollutants from the surroundings thereby acting as transport vectors; and simultaneously can leach out chemicals (additives). Plastics in marine undergo splintering and shriveling to form micro/nanoparticles owing to the mechanical and photochemical processes accelerated by waves and sunlight, respectively. Microplastics differ in color and density, considering the type of polymers, and are generally classified according to their origins, i.e., primary and secondary. About 54.5% of microplastics floating in the ocean are polyethylene, and 16.5% are polypropylene, and the rest includes polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyester, and polyamides. Polyethylene and polypropylene due to its lower density in comparison with marine water floats and affect the oceanic surfaces while materials having higher density sink affecting seafloor. The effects of plastic debris in the water and aquatic systems from various literature and on how COVID-19 has become a reason for microplastic pollution are reviewed in this paper.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of microplastics in water and aquatic systems

Issac

2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

437

100

“…In recent times, the swift developments in the field of smart coatings have prompted researchers to consider smart coatings exhibiting hydrophobic or super-hydrophobic behavior owing to the responsive moieties incorporated within the systems, which exhibit serious potential for an assorted array of applications extending from wastewater treatment to oil–water separation to removal of heavy and toxic metal ions from drinkable water, ,− as illustrated in Table . Sahoo et al critically reviewed on copious bio-inspired multifunctional materials possessing hierarchical complex structures with self-cleaning and water repellant characteristics.…”

Section: Applications Of Stimuli-responsive Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamentals and Effects of Biomimicking Stimuli-Responsive Polymers for Engineering Functions

Korde

2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

Over the past few decades, reversible responsive polymer materials have received interest conjointly from academia as well as industry owing to their ability to adapt to the surrounding environment, change adhesion and wettability of copious species upon extraneous stimulus, and regulate transportation of molecules and ions. Stimuli-responsive polymers or macromolecules also exhibit the ability to convert biochemical and chemical signals into mechanical, thermal, optical, and electrical signals, and vice versa, for which they are utilized in an array of applications like “smart” optical systems, drug delivery, diagnostics, and tissue engineering, in conjunction with coatings, textiles, biosensors, and microelectromechanical systems. Extensive exploration on reversible responsive polymeric systems for a variety of engineering functionalities has been done; however, no collection of all the information is available as such. This Review consolidates profuse studies of reversible responsive polymers utilized in an assorted array of functions, inclusive of sensors, drug delivery, smart and self-healing coatings, etc.

“…Molecular-imprinted polymers (MIPs) are the robust molecular materials designed using molecular-imprinted technology (MIT), a crucial synthetic technique to develop molecular-recognition materials capable of mimicking the natural recognition systems . MIT is an approach to create artificial receptors with a predicated specificity and selectivity of prearranged materials that can be used as an ideal matter in numerous emerging applications. ,, The science of MIT facilitates the advantages of recognizing both chemical and biological molecules, including proteins, amino acids, chemical-based sensors, microorganism analysis, and drug delivery systems extended to purification technologies, separation science, pollutants like heavy metal ions, and much more. − Section is envisioned to study the MIP technology of polymers for the amputation of toxic metal ions and dyes with its kinetic and adsorption visions. The technology of MIPs can be significantly used in the adsorption of heavy metals and various toxic dyes by using the specific templates for a material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Recognition and Extraction of Heavy Metal Ions and Toxic Dyes

Sharma

2020

J. Chem. Eng. Data

Contamination triggered by toxic metal ions and dyes is a foremost menace to the environment and its inhabitants. Industries including metal plating, paints, and battery engineering are responsible for the delivery of metal ions and toxic dyes in the environment. In remediation to this, it is important to eradicate these toxic elements from the environment. Molecular-imprinted polymers (MIPs) can be used for discerning adsorption of these toxic elements. This technology is based on the principle of “lock and key” initially used as enzymes for substrate recognition. A class of polymerization techniques can be used in developing a MIP initiated by the self-assembled functional monomers around the molecules of templates due to “functional group–template” and “functional group–monomer” interactions. The advantage of this technology is that the adsorption removes metal and dye effluents from the sample, and the desorption makes the binding sites reusable for the next cycle. The goal of this Review is to cover the principles, techniques, and applications of various MIPs in the elimination of heavy metal ions and some common toxic dyes with notable comparative and quantitative viewpoints. It also comprises the accounts of noteworthy scientific research in MIP technology, with their significant adsorption capacities and reusability, that can be resourcefully used for toxicity removal progressions on the industrial level for making a healthy and hearty environment.