Recent advances in medicinal and edible homologous polysaccharides: Extraction, purification, structure, modification, and biological activities

'Nine Steaming Nine Sun‐drying' processing enhanced properties of Polygonatum kingianum against inflammation, oxidative stress and hyperglycemia

“…NSND processing greatly improved the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hyperglycemia activities of PK NSND processing has been recognized as an effective technology in enhancing tonic effects of medicinal and edible homologous plants. 1,5 PK has been consumed as a decoction from boiling water for thousands of years in Asia. Recent studies highlighted protective effects of PK against hypoxia-induced injury in diabetes mellitus patients 16 and COVID-19.…”

“…NSND processing has been recognized as an effective technology in enhancing tonic effects of medicinal and edible homologous plants 1,5 . PK has been consumed as a decoction from boiling water for thousands of years in Asia.…”

“…& Hemsl (PK), a well-known medicinal and edible homologous plant, was first proposed in the Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic and has been consumed for thousands of years, mainly in Asia. 1 PK is rich in polysaccharides, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, and organic acids, 2 and has shown various activities, including anti-oxidative, 3 antihyperglycemia, and anti-inflammator 4 properties. 'Nine Steaming Nine Sun-drying' (NSND) processing is a traditional method that has been proposed as an effective processing technology to improve efficacy and reduce toxicity of medicinal and edible homologous material.…”

“…Polygonatum kingianum Coll. & Hemsl (PK), a well‐known medicinal and edible homologous plant, was first proposed in the Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic and has been consumed for thousands of years, mainly in Asia 1 . PK is rich in polysaccharides, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, and organic acids, 2 and has shown various activities, including anti‐oxidative, 3 anti‐hyperglycemia, and anti‐inflammator 4 properties.…”

Structure–effect relationship studies of polysaccharides based on receptor–active centres: an alternative view

“…55 The relationship between the biological activity and the chemical structure of a polysaccharide is based on both the primary structure and the higher structure, and there are still many difficulties in the analysis of the high-level spatial structure of polysaccharides. 56,57 Therefore, the degradation of polysaccharides into AP/OFs to study the active centres of polysaccharides avoids the analysis of highly complex polysaccharide structures, thus making it possible to study the structure-effect relationships between the AP/OFs and the target proteins. However, there are several technical challenges in testing the above scientific hypotheses: (1) the establishment of a targeted and controlled degradation method for polysaccharides to ensure the acquisition of structurally consistent polysaccharide active centres and (2) the performance of the advanced structural analysis of active fragments ( polysaccharide or oligosaccharide).…”