Recent advances in materials for and applications of triplet–triplet annihilation-based upconversion

Seo, Sung Eun; Choe, Hyun-Seok; Cho, Hae-in; Kim, H.; Kim, Jaehyuk; Kwon, Oh Seok

doi:10.1039/d1tc03551g

Cited by 60 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Since the first report of TTA-UC in 1962, 52 oxygen quenching has always been a significant issue affecting the practical applications. 53 Traditional deoxygenating processes for TTA-UC, such as bubbling inert gases and freeze-pump-thaw cycles, are only temporary solutions. To achieve long-term deoxygenating effect, there are two major strategies: one is to protect the sample from external oxygen 54 and the other is to remove internal oxygen persistently.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion combined with afterglow phosphors for multi-dimensional anti-counterfeiting and encoding

Zhao

Chen

et al. 2022

J. Mater. Chem. C

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion combined with afterglow phosphors for multi-dimensional anti-counterfeiting and encoding

Zhao

Chen

et al. 2022

J. Mater. Chem. C

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“…Among the many reported upconversion pathways and materials, [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) stands out: high UC efficiencies can be accessed using relatively low input powers, and a wide range of excitation and emission wavelengths have been demonstrated by tuning the system components. 20,[26][27][28] In addition to its potential for high efficiencies and materials tunability, TTA-UC imparts a further benefit inherent in its quadratic nature. Namely, upconversion intensity scales quadratically with input power below a threshold intensity, so precise spatial control of high energy photon generation can be achieved due to efficient upconversion occurring only near the focal point of focused input light.…”

Section: Mainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially Controlled UV Light Generation at Depth Using Upconversion Micelles

Zhou

Wirtz

Schloemer

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Ultraviolet (UV) light can trigger a plethora of useful photochemical reactions for diverse applications, including photocatalysis, photopolymerization, and drug delivery. These applications typically require penetration of high energy photons deep into materials, yet delivering these photons beyond the surface is extremely challenging due to absorption and scattering effects. Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) shows great promise to circumvent this issue by generating high energy photons from incident lower energy photons. However, molecules that facilitate TTA-UC usually have poor water solubility, limiting their deployment in aqueous environments. To address this challenge, we leverage a nanoencapsulation method to fabricate water-compatible UC micelles, enabling on-demand UV photon generation deep into materials. We present two iridium-based complexes for use as TTA-UC sensitizers with increased solubilities that facilitate the formation of highly emissive UV-upconverting micelles. Furthermore, we show this encapsulation method is generalizable to nineteen UV-emitting UC systems, accessing a range of upconverted UV emission profiles with wavelengths as low as 350 nm. As a proof-of-principle demonstration of precision photochemistry at depth, we use UV-emitting UC micelles to photolyze a fluorophore at a focal point nearly a centimeter beyond the surface, revealing opportunities for spatially controlled manipulation deep into UV-responsive materials.

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“…As a novel alternative upconversion pattern, triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) is primarily based on organic upconversion materials [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. The TTA-UC tends to be a bimolecular system composed of an organometallic complex and a conjugated hydrocarbon, which act as a sensitizer (donor) and an annihilator (emitter/acceptor), respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, NIR-to-blue upconversion is demonstrated to be able to drive chemical transformations [ 69 ], and TTA-UC-assisted photopolymerization has been successfully applied for 3D printing [ 70 ]. Surprisingly, although many papers reviewed TTA-UC materials and their applications [ 27 , 28 , 31 ], no specific reviews focused on the photoreactions triggered by porphyrin-based TTA-UC systems. In consideration of the significant contributions of porphyrin-based systems to the photochemical applications of TTA-UC as well as to inspire more scientists to devote themselves to this meaningful field, this review systematically summarized the recent developments in the photoreactions facilitated by porphyrin-based TTA-UC systems, and the molecular innovations and corresponding nanoarchitectonics are emphatically discussed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Photoreactions Triggered by Porphyrin-Based Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Upconversion Systems: Molecular Innovations and Nanoarchitectonics

Yao¹,

Sun²,

He³

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) is a very promising technology that could be used to convert low-energy photons to high-energy ones and has been proven to be of great value in various areas. Porphyrins have the characteristics of high molar absorbance, can form a complex with different metal ions and a high proportion of triplet states as well as tunable structures, and thus they are important sensitizers for TTA-UC. Porphyrin-based TTA-UC plays a pivotal role in the TTA-UC systems and has been widely used in many fields such as solar cells, sensing and circularly polarized luminescence. In recent years, applications of porphyrin-based TTA-UC systems for photoinduced reactions have emerged, but have been paid little attention. As a consequence, this review paid close attention to the recent advances in the photoreactions triggered by porphyrin-based TTA-UC systems. First of all, the photochemistry of porphyrin-based TTA-UC for chemical transformations, such as photoisomerization, photocatalytic synthesis, photopolymerization, photodegradation and photochemical/photoelectrochemical water splitting, was discussed in detail, which revealed the different mechanisms of TTA-UC and methods with which to carry out reasonable molecular innovations and nanoarchitectonics to solve the existing problems in practical application. Subsequently, photoreactions driven by porphyrin-based TTA-UC for biomedical applications were demonstrated. Finally, the future developments of porphyrin-based TTA-UC systems for photoreactions were briefly discussed.

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Recent advances in materials for and applications of triplet–triplet annihilation-based upconversion

Abstract: Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) has been attracting attention in various fields as a promising tool to efficiently generate shorter-wavelength photon than the incident light. Compared to conventional UC technologies (e.g.,...

Cited by 60 publications

References 117 publications

Triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion combined with afterglow phosphors for multi-dimensional anti-counterfeiting and encoding

Triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion combined with afterglow phosphors for multi-dimensional anti-counterfeiting and encoding

Spatially Controlled UV Light Generation at Depth Using Upconversion Micelles

Recent Advances in the Photoreactions Triggered by Porphyrin-Based Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Upconversion Systems: Molecular Innovations and Nanoarchitectonics

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