Recent advances in mass spectrometry studies of non-covalent complexes of macrocycles - A review

Noncovalent Complexes of Cyclodextrin with Small Organic Molecules: Applications and Insights into Host–Guest Interactions in the Gas Phase and Condensed Phase

“…Since it was first shown that electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) could be used to detect noncovalent complexes by Ganem et al [ 138 , 139 ], a large number of publications have been reported studying the noncovalent CD complexes by ESI-MS [ 140 , 141 , 142 , 143 ]. To date, various studies were made for the analysis of noncovalent CD complexes, including amino acids, peptides, drugs, steroid hormones, and simple hydrophobic compounds [ 140 , 141 , 143 , 144 , 145 , 146 , 147 ]. Even though mass spectrometry has become the most convenient and rapid analytical platform for the investigation of non-covalent complexes with high sensitivity and selectivity, there have been some controversial results about the structure of CD/guest noncovalent complexes in the gas phase.…”

Hybrid complex anions of ginsenosides resulted from direct infusion–tandem mass spectrometry

“…In the current study, we highlight another intrinsic disadvantage of DI-MS/MS, namely hybrid complex ions, 6 attributing to the absence of LC portion. Such ions are generated by inter-molecular noncovalent interactions and might initiate extensive misleading identification, e.g., annotating…”

Chemical Processes Involving 18‐Crown‐6‐Ether in Activated Noncovalent Complexes with Protonated Peptides

“…Molecular recognition is a crucial process in many diverse fields, from fundamental supramolecular chemistry of host‐guest complexes to biochemistry, from the development of optical chemosensors to the discovery of new drugs. In particular, among other guest molecules, crown ethers have attracted growing interest in the past decades, because of their ability to specifically and noncovalently bind charged chemical groups such as protonated amines and guanidinium, but also atoms such as sodium or potassium [1] . These properties have allowed crown ethers to be especially useful in proteomics, for instance to control the structure and charge state of isolated proteins, [2,3] to probe ionization mechanisms during the electrospray process [4] or to analyze complex peptide mixtures [5] .…”

“…In particular, among other guest molecules, crown ethers have attracted growing interest in the past decades, because of their ability to specifically and noncovalently bind charged chemical groups such as protonated amines and guanidinium, but also atoms such as sodium or potassium. [1] These properties have allowed crown ethers to be especially useful in proteomics, for instance to control the structure and charge state of isolated proteins, [2,3] to probe ionization mechanisms during the electrospray process [4] or to analyze complex peptide mixtures. [5] In all these studies, it has been assumed that crown ethers bind charged groups and "tag" them.…”