Recent advances in low temperature sterilization - Moving ahead from Cidex™/ETO to OPA/Ozone: An update

Shah, Shagun Bhatia; Bhargava, Ajay

doi:10.4103/ija.ija_281_17

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Sterilization of healthcare-related items is commonly achieved through the use of gas-phase disinfectants such as ethylene oxide (EtO), nitrogen dioxide, peracetic acid, ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA), and glutaraldehyde (Cidex) [21]. To this end, many common methods used for decontamination of a variety of items in hospitals and other sterile environments require an existing feedstock of a sterilization agent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a novel, low-cost, scalable ozone gas system for sterilization of N95 respirators and other COVID-19 related use cases.

Dave

Pascavis

Patterson

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), an elusive and highly pathogenic agent, has resulted in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic affecting numerous populations worldwide. New studies investigating the tenacity of SARS-CoV-2 have highlighted its ability to persist on a myriad of surfaces for several days, including gowns and shoes. As a result, there is a global need for sterilization of a variety of potentially-contaminated items, ranging from clothing to personal protective equipment like face coverings. To this end, we have designed and constructed a cost-effective, scalable, and sustainable sterilization system that uses ozone gas to inactivate viral particles. We sought to determine the efficacy of the system in the sterilization of viral particles as well as its ability to sterilize N95 respirators for reuse. N95 respirators inoculated with P22 bacteriophage and sterilized in the ozone system showed a 6-log10 reduction in viral load when treated at 25 ppm for 150 minutes. Further, N95 respirators treated with five 150-minute cycles at 35 ppm for a total concentration-time product (CT) of 26,250 ppm⋅min in the ozone system showed comparable filtration efficiency to untreated N95 respirators in a 50 to 200 nmr particulate challenge filtration test. Interestingly, the surgical N95 respirators tested showed complete inactivation of fluid resistance and degradation of the elasticity of polyisoprene straps after five cycles in the sterilization system. Taken together, these data suggest that while our ozone system may negatively affect certain protective aspects of surgical N95 respirators, it does effectively sterilize viral particles and can be utilized for a multitude of other use cases, including sterilizing polypropylene face coverings after potential SARS-CoV-2 contamination. In addition to providing long-term environmental benefits, deployment of this system during the ongoing pandemic reduces the risk of COVID-19 community transmission while conserving monetary resources otherwise spent on the continuous purchase of disposable face coverings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a novel, low-cost, scalable ozone gas system for sterilization of N95 respirators and other COVID-19 related use cases.

Dave

Pascavis

Patterson

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…In particular, ethylene oxide is expensive and known to be carcinogenic and Cidex is an irritant [23]. Furthermore, the required treatment time for EtO is over 12 hours, reducing the throughput of materials through the sterilization system [23]. In contrast, the VHP-based treatment system described in this paper requires only 3% hydrogen peroxide solution, which is inexpensive, widely available, and easy to prepare from higher-concentration solutions if necessary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, the VHP-based treatment system described in this paper requires only 3% hydrogen peroxide solution, which is inexpensive, widely available, and easy to prepare from higher-concentration solutions if necessary. The byproducts of VHP break down into innocuous water and oxygen [23], and the treatment cycle requires only 60 minutes in the system described in this paper, with an additional 30-minute aeration phase. Combined, these characteristics make VHP a good disinfectant choice for use in both times of crisis and times of normalcy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Common gas-phase disinfectants, such as ethylene oxide (EtO), nitrogen dioxide, peracetic acid, ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA), glutaraldehyde (Cidex), and ozone, are used to sterilize a variety of healthcare tools and equipment in clinical settings [23]. With the exception of ozone, all of these gases must be obtained as a feedstock material in order to perform sterilization, and many of them possess high toxicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the exception of ozone, all of these gases must be obtained as a feedstock material in order to perform sterilization, and many of them possess high toxicity. In particular, ethylene oxide is expensive and known to be carcinogenic and Cidex is an irritant [23]. Furthermore, the required treatment time for EtO is over 12 hours, reducing the throughput of materials through the sterilization system [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of a novel, low-cost, scalable vaporized hydrogen peroxide system for sterilization of N95 respirators and other COVID-19 related personal protective equipment

Dave

Pascavis

Patterson

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Due to the virulence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the pathogen responsible for the respiratory disease termed COVID-19, there has been a significant increase in demand for surgical masks and N95 respirators in medical clinics as well as within communities operating during the COVID-19 epidemic. Thus, community members, business owners, and even medical personnel have resorted to alternative methods for sterilizing face coverings and N95 respirators for reuse. While significant work has shown that vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP) can be used to sterilize N95 respirators, the cost and installation time for these sterilization systems limit their accessibility. To this end, we have designed and constructed a novel, cost-effective, and scalable VHP system that can be used to sterilize N95 respirators and other face coverings for clinical and community applications. N95 respirators inoculated with P22 bacteriophage showed a greater than 6-log10 reduction in viral load when sterilized in the VHP system for one 60-minute cycle. Further, N95 respirators treated with 20 cycles in this VHP system showed comparable filtration efficiency to untreated N95 respirators in a 50 to 200 nanometer particulate challenge filtration test. While a 23% average increase in water droplet roll-off time was observed for N95 respirators treated with 5 cycles in the sterilization, no breakdown in fluid resistance was detected. These data suggest that our VHP system is effective in sterilizing N95 respirators and other polypropylene masks for reuse. Relating to the present epidemic, deployment of this system reduces the risk of COVID-19 community transmission while conserving monetary resources otherwise spent on the continuous purchase of disposable N95 respirators and other face coverings. In summary, this novel, scientifically validated sterilization system can be easily built at a low cost and implemented in a wide range of settings.

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Sterilization of Pharmaceuticals

Moondra

Raval

Kuche

et al. 2018

Dosage Form Design Parameters

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Recent advances in low temperature sterilization - Moving ahead from Cidex™/ETO to OPA/Ozone: An update

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Characterization of a novel, low-cost, scalable ozone gas system for sterilization of N95 respirators and other COVID-19 related use cases.

Characterization of a novel, low-cost, scalable ozone gas system for sterilization of N95 respirators and other COVID-19 related use cases.

Characterization of a novel, low-cost, scalable vaporized hydrogen peroxide system for sterilization of N95 respirators and other COVID-19 related personal protective equipment

Sterilization of Pharmaceuticals

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