Recent Advances in Locoregional Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Podlasek, Anna; Abdulla, Maheeba; Bröering, Dieter C.; Bzeizi, Khalid

doi:10.3390/cancers15133347

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 90% of primary liver cancer, and its incidence, along with associated morbidity and mortality, is increasing globally ( Podlasek et al, 2023 ). The majority of HCCs are secondary to chronic Hepatitis B or C infections ( Coffin and He, 2023 ), which mostly lead to cirrhosis, a chronic stage of liver lesion before HCC where scar tissue replaces liver cells ( Omar et al, 2023 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statin therapy: a potential adjuvant to immunotherapies in hepatocellular carcinoma

Wang,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Front. Pharmacol.

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide and accounts for more than 90% of primary liver cancer. The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-related therapies combined with angiogenesis inhibition has revolutionized the treatment of HCC in late-stage and unresectable HCC, as ICIs alone were disappointing in treating HCC. In addition to the altered immune microenvironment, abnormal lipid metabolism in the liver has been extensively characterized in various types of HCC. Stains are known for their cholesterol-lowering properties and their long history of treating hypercholesterolemia and reducing cardiovascular disease risk. Apart from ICI and other conventional therapies, statins are frequently used by advanced HCC patients with dyslipidemia, which is often marked by the abnormal accumulation of cholesterol and fatty acids in the liver. Supported by a body of preclinical and clinical studies, statins may unexpectedly enhance the efficacy of ICI therapy in HCC patients through the regulation of inflammatory responses and the immune microenvironment. This review discusses the abnormal changes in lipid metabolism in HCC, summarizes the clinical evidence and benefits of stain use in HCC, and prospects the possible mechanistic actions of statins in transforming the immune microenvironment in HCC when combined with immunotherapies. Consequently, the use of statin therapy may emerge as a novel and valuable adjuvant for immunotherapies in HCC.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statin therapy: a potential adjuvant to immunotherapies in hepatocellular carcinoma

Wang,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…However, the limited availability of liver donors and the increased incidence of HCC contribute to the restricted adoption of liver grafts [14]. Novel therapies are required since treatment approaches including chemotherapy, radiation, and ablation are limited by tumor size, side effects, and challenges at the advanced stage [15]. In the treatment of HCC, the main chemotherapeutics inhibit the multiple kinases involved in angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation pathways by blocking receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor receptor, fibroblast growth factor receptor, and mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancements in Immunotherapeutic Treatments for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Potential of Combination Therapies

Zarlashat,

Mushtaq,

Pham

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most prevalent cancer and a significant global health burden, with increasing incidence rates and limited treatment options. Immunotherapy has become a promising approach due to its ability to affect the immune microenvironment and promote antitumor responses. The immune microenvironment performs an essential role in both the progression and the development of HCC, with different characteristics based on specific immune cells and etiological factors. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, including programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitors (pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and durvalumab) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 inhibitors (tremelimumab and ipilimumab), have the potential to treat advanced HCC and overcome adverse effects, such as liver failure and chemoresistance. Phase II and phase III clinical trials highlight the efficacy of pembrolizumab and nivolumab, respectively, in advanced HCC patients, as demonstrated by their positive effects on overall survival and progression-free survival. Tremelimumab has exhibited modest response rates, though it does possess antiviral activity. Thus, it is still being investigated in ongoing clinical trials. Combination therapies with multiple drugs have demonstrated potential benefits in terms of survival and tumor response rates, improving patient outcomes compared to monotherapy, especially for advanced-stage HCC. This review addresses the clinical trials of immunotherapies for early-, intermediate-, and advanced-stage HCC. Additionally, it highlights how combination therapy can significantly enhance overall survival, progression-free survival, and objective response rate in advanced-stage HCC, where treatment options are limited.

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“…Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 90% of primary liver cancer, and its incidence, along with associated morbidity and mortality, is increasing globally (Podlasek et al, 2023). The majority of HCCs are secondary to chronic Hepatitis B or C infections (Coffin and He, 2023), which mostly lead to cirrhosis, a chronic stage of liver lesion before HCC where scar tissue replaces liver cells (Omar et al, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Mechanisms for Anti-Cancer Drugs

2024

Frontiers Research Topics

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Frontiers is more than just an open access publisher of scholarly articles: it is a pioneering approach to the world of academia, radically improving the way scholarly research is managed. The grand vision of Frontiers is a world where all people have an equal opportunity to seek, share and generate knowledge. Frontiers provides immediate and permanent online open access to all its publications, but this alone is not enough to realize our grand goals. Frontiers journal seriesThe Frontiers journal series is a multi-tier and interdisciplinary set of openaccess, online journals, promising a paradigm shift from the current review, selection and dissemination processes in academic publishing. All Frontiers journals are driven by researchers for researchers; therefore, they constitute a service to the scholarly community. At the same time, the Frontiers journal series operates on a revolutionary invention, the tiered publishing system, initially addressing specific communities of scholars, and gradually climbing up to broader public understanding, thus serving the interests of the lay society, too. Dedication to qualityEach Frontiers article is a landmark of the highest quality, thanks to genuinely collaborative interactions between authors and review editors, who include some of the world's best academicians. Research must be certified by peers before entering a stream of knowledge that may eventually reach the public -and shape society; therefore, Frontiers only applies the most rigorous and unbiased reviews. Frontiers revolutionizes research publishing by freely delivering the most outstanding research, evaluated with no bias from both the academic and social point of view. By applying the most advanced information technologies, Frontiers is catapulting scholarly publishing into a new generation. What are Frontiers Research Topics?Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers journals series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area.

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Recent Advances in Locoregional Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Cited by 12 publications

References 137 publications

Statin therapy: a potential adjuvant to immunotherapies in hepatocellular carcinoma

Statin therapy: a potential adjuvant to immunotherapies in hepatocellular carcinoma

Advancements in Immunotherapeutic Treatments for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Potential of Combination Therapies

New Mechanisms for Anti-Cancer Drugs

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