Recent Advances in Lithium–Carbon Dioxide Batteries

Abstract

Toward global sustainable development, lithium-carbon dioxide (Li-CO 2) batteries not only serve as an energy-storage technology but also represent a CO 2 capture system. Since the beginning of their research in this decade, Li-CO 2 batteries have attracted growing attention. However, Li-CO 2 batteries are still in their infancy and are facing many scientific and technological challenges. From a fundamental perspective, the reaction mechanism of CO 2 cathode is not yet clear enough. Technologically, the high overpotential, low power density, poor rate capability, and limited cycle life impede the development of Li-CO 2 batteries for practical applications. Herein, the recent research progress in Li-CO 2 batteries in terms of reaction mechanisms, cathode catalyst design, electrolyte management, and anode protection are first summarized. In light of the state-of-the-art research advances, future perspectives and research directions are then put forward, aiming to provide insightful information for the development of practical Li-CO 2 batteries.

Design Principles of Sodium/Potassium Protection Layer for High‐Power High‐Energy Sodium/Potassium‐Metal Batteries in Carbonate Electrolytes: a Case Study of Na2Te/K2Te

“…Compared to traditional anode materials, the sodium‐ and potassium‐metal anodes possess high theoretical specific capacity (1165 and 687 mAh g −1 for Na and K, respectively), low redox potential (−2.71 (Na) and −2.93 V (K) vs standard hydrogen electrode), and abundant resources (2.8 wt% (Na) and 1.5 wt% (K) in the Earth's crust). [ 1–6 ] Additionally, the sodium‐ and potassium‐metal anodes can pair with high capacity cathodes to achieve high energy and power density, including Na/K‐O 2 , [ 7,8 ] Na/K‐CO 2 , [ 9,10 ] Na/K‐S, [ 11–13 ] and Na/K‐organic batteries. [ 14 ] Therefore, the sodium‐metal batteries (SMBs) and potassium‐metal batteries (PMBs) have been considered as the most promising potential candidates for low‐cost and large‐scale energy storage systems.…”

Ultrathin Aluminum Nanosheets Grown on Carbon Nanotubes for High Performance Lithium Ion Batteries

“…The CO bands at 1730 cm −1 disappeared and two absorption peaks of 1400 and 1630 cm −1 appeared in the composite samples, which corresponded to the carboxylic acid molecules that gradually become COO − in the carboxylate, indicating Al 3+ has a certain interaction with COO − on the surface of CNTs. [ 2–13 ] Besides, the high‐resolution O 1s spectrum (Figure S4b, Supporting Information), can be deconvoluted into two peaks with binding energy of 530.3 and 532.5 eV, corresponding to OAl and OC band, respectively. [ 53 ] The C 1s spectrum (Figure S4c, Supporting Information) can be also indexed into two peaks with binding energy of 285 and 286.5 eV, which are commonly related to CC and CO, respectively.…”

“…[ 1–3 ] For anode materials, graphite with intercalation chemistry is the conventional choice in the past decades. [ 4–8 ] However, its theoretical capacity of 372 mAh g −1 is relatively low that it cannot fulfill the ever growing demand of high energy density for further application of LIBs. [ 9 ] On the other hand, some materials with the conversion or alloy mechanism can deliver high theoretical capacity, such as elements in groups IVA and VA (Si, Sn, Al, Sb).…”

Cobalt‐Based Electrocatalysts as Air Cathodes in Rechargeable Zn–Air Batteries: Advances and Challenges

“…With the increasingly severe environmental issues and energy crisis triggered by the excessive and unreasonable utilization of fossil fuels, it is of great importance to developing environment‐friendly, low‐carbon, and high‐performance systems for clean energy harvesting. [ 1–4 ] Featured with high capacitance and a long life span, rechargeable batteries have drawn great interest as an electronic device to realize the highly efficient conversion and storage of electrical energy. [ 5 ] As one of the representative thriving energy storage systems, Zn–air batteries (ZABs) were first reported in the late 19th century, and have grown increasingly competitive because of the low cost, high stability, intrinsic safety, and high theoretical energy density (1300 Wh kg −1 ).…”