Recent Advances in Lithiophilic Porous Framework toward Dendrite-Free Lithium Metal Anode

Abstract

Rechargeable lithium metal anode (LMA) based batteries have attracted great attention as next-generation high-energy-density storage systems to fuel the extensive practical applications in portable electronics and electric vehicles. However, the formation of unstable solid-electrolyte- interphase (SEI) and growth of lithium dendrite during plating/stripping cycles stimulate safety concern, poor coulombic efficiency (CE), and short lifespan of the lithium metal batteries (LMBs). To address these issues, the rational design of micro/nanostructured Li hosts are widely adopted in LMBs. The high surface area of the interconnected conductive framework can homogenize the Li-ion flux distribution, lower the effective current density, and provides sufficient space for Li accommodation. However, the poor lithiophilicity of the micro/nanostructure host cannot govern the initial lithium nucleation, which leads to the non-uniform/dendritic Li deposition and unstable SEI formation. As a result, the nucleation overpotential and voltage hysteresis increases, which eventually leads to poor battery cycling performance. Thus, it is imperative to decorate a micro/nanostructured Li host with lithiophilic coatings or seeds for serving as a homogeneous nucleation site to guide the uniform lithium deposition. In this review, we summarize research progress on porous metal and non-metal based lithiophilic micro/nanostructured Li hosts. We present the synthesis, structural properties, and the significance of lithiophilic decorated micro/nanostructured Li host in the LMBs. Finally, the perspectives and critical challenges needed to address for the further improvement of LMBs are concluded.

Recent Progress of Porous Materials in Lithium‐Metal Batteries

“…Among all these different strategies, porous materials as Li‐metal “hosts” have been widely applied to solve the problems of the Li‐metal anode. [ 56–59 ] According to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) definition, the porous materials have been divided into three categories of microporous (<2 nm), mesoporous (2–50 nm), and macroporous (>50 nm) materials based on their pore size. [ 60 ] Due to the unique properties in terms of adjustable surface areas and abundant porosity, porous materials have been widely applied in different fields, such as rechargeable batteries, [ 61 ] catalysis, [ 62 ] and biological [ 63 ] and environmental [ 64 ] fields.…”

Gamma-radiated biochar carbon for improved supercapacitor performance

“…owing to their high energy density. [4][5][6] However, due to their relatively low power density and the need for continuous recharging, many batteries are not suitable for all applications today. Therefore, supercapacitors that have a higher power density (>10 kW kg À1 ), are lightweight, enjoy a fast charge/ discharge rate, and are more stable (>10 6 cycles) than batteries have been developed.…”

“…Therefore, supercapacitors that have a higher power density (>10 kW kg À1 ), are lightweight, enjoy a fast charge/ discharge rate, and are more stable (>10 6 cycles) than batteries have been developed. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Supercapacitors are appropriate for applications such as portable electronics, electric vehicles, power quality management, backup energy sources, and renewable energy applications. 8,9 Carbon is considered as an ideal material in supercapacitors for rapid storage and release of energy because of their low cost, lightweight, mechanical and chemical stability, natural abundance, and eco-friendly.…”

High power and stable P-doped yolk-shell structured Si@C anode simultaneously enhancing conductivity and Li+ diffusion kinetics

“…(1) and (2) [58]. which is much higher than that of the SiNP electrode (9.20 × 10 −12 cm 2 •s −1 ) and Si@C electrode (4.42 × 10 −11 cm 2 •s −1 ) in Table 1 because P-doping might make the SiNP more lithium storage sites during cycling, resulting in super fast ion transport kinetics [59]. This result proves positive effect of P-doped Si on the Li + diffusion for enhancing the rate performance.…”