Recent advances in lipid-protein conjugate-based delivery systems in nutraceutical, drug, and gene delivery

Nanofortification of vitamin B-complex in food matrix: Need, regulations, and prospects

“…Composites of proteins and lipids enhance delivery systems with desirable characteristics. For example, lipid-protein composite systems showed increased targeted delivery, sustained release, and reduced cytotoxicity ( Dissanayake, Sun, Abbey, & Bandara, 2022 ). Food protein and lipid-based nanoparticles have allured a lot of interest for efficient delivery of micronutrients.…”

Synergistic vesicle-vector systems for targeted delivery

“…Proteins and peptides can be conjugated by various covalent linkages such as maleimide-thiol, peptide, sulfonyl, disulfide, and phosphatidylethanolamine-linked bonds [ 44 ]. Additionally, peptides can be adsorbed and/or interpolated onto the liposomal surface via electrostatic and/or hydrophobic interactions [ 45 ].…”

Targeting Peptides: The New Generation of Targeted Drug Delivery Systems

“…The N-terminus of an amino acid or the side-chain of a lysine or cysteine can be conjugated with fatty acids, such as caprylic acid (C8), capric acid (C10), lauric acid (C12), myristic acid (C14), palmitic acid (C16), or stearic acid (C18). Peptides' derivatization to lipids can be used for a number of different applications, e.g., (1) for improving peptide half-life in the circulation, mostly using long-chain fatty acids; (2) for increasing their antibacterial activity; (3) for raising the eukaryotic cell toxicity; and (4) for a faster passage through the cell membranes [99][100][101][102]. Moreover, derivatization of a peptide can also be performed with cholesterol via an N-or C-terminal inserted cysteine, especially in order to increase the potency of antiviral peptides, as an efficient gene delivery vector, for anticancer drug delivery, or when the peptide has a low in vivo half-life [103][104][105][106][107].…”