The transient damage problems of copper alloys are the central topic for improving the accuracy and lifetime of electromagnetic launcher. The research works on transient damage behaviors of copper alloys under high-speed sliding electrical contact during the past two decades were summarized in this paper and some suggestions for future research were presented. Firstly the three damage forms of copper alloys under high-velocity sliding electrical contact were introduced, respectively. Then the main technical methods that can solve the damage problems of copper alloys were presented. Finally some proposals for further study on transient damage behavior of copper alloys under sliding electrical contact were put forward.