Recent Advances in Investigations of Toxicity of Automotive Exhaust

Abstract

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Levels, sources and health risks of carbonyls and BTEX in the ambient air of Beijing, China

“…The most frequently adverse impacts of carbonyls on human health are eye and lung irritations (Carlier et al, 1986;WHO, 2000), while for BTEX they are mainly respiratory irritation and central nervous system damage (Stupfel, 1976;Crump, 1994;Durmusohlu et al, 2010). Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and benzene are even suspected to be carcinogenic (Stupfel, 1976;Crump, 1994;Carlier et al, 1986;Báez et al, 2003;Dutta et al, 2009). It has been estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO, 1999) that a life exposure of 1 μg/m 3 of benzene leads to about 6 cases of leukaemia per 1,000,000 inhabitants.…”

The pollution levels of BTEX and carbonyls under haze and non-haze days in Beijing, China

“…BTEX and a number of carbonyl compounds are well-known toxic air pollutants (TAPs). Benzene, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde are even considered as human carcinogens (Stupfel, 1976;Crump, 1994;Carlier et al, 1986;Baez et al, 2003;Dutta et al, 2009).…”

Formaldehyde - An Assessment of Its Health Effects

“…Stupfel (1976) reported that outdoor air in Los Angeles contained formaldehyde at 0.05-0.12 ppm over the course of 26 days of measurements. Measurements taken during the fall of 1961 averaged 0.04 ppm, with an average daily maximum of 0.06 ppm (Altshuller and McPherson, 1963).…”