Recent Advances in Hybridization, Doping, and Functionalization of 2D Xenes

Abstract

The emerging monoelemental 2D materials named as Xenes including borophene, silicene, germanene, stanene, phosphorene, arsenene, antimonene, bisthumene, selenene, and tellurene, have attracted rising attention experimentally and theoretically. Because of their excellent and versatile physical, chemical, electrical, and optical advantages, Xenes have been shown or have been predicted to have excellent performance in nanotechnology applications, addressing challenges and advances in electronics, energy, healthcare, and environment. In this review, the basic fundamentals in the classification of the periodic table group and the synthesis methods for the emerging materials are summarized. Then, the hybridization, doping and functionalization of 2D Xenes, and their corresponding applications are presented. Furthermore, a summary of research progress on 2D Xenes and the challenges and perspectives for their further development are discussed.

Continuous‐Flow Synthesis of High‐Quality Few‐Layer Antimonene Hexagons

“…In this context, monoelemental materials of group 15 of the periodic table (Pnictogens) have gained increasing attention due to their semiconducting behavior with thickness‐dependent band gaps, that can be modulated by strain, doping, or chemical functionalization. [ 5 ] Additionally, these 2D‐Pnictogens offer unique photonic, catalytic, magnetic, and electronic properties. [ 6 ] For instance, black phosphorus (BP) is the first isolated 2D‐Pnictogen to exhibit a band gap thickness dependency, ranging from ≈0.3 to 2 eV for bulk and monolayer, respectively, therefore being an excellent candidate for (opto)electronic applications.…”

A perspective on high‐entropy two‐dimensional materials

“…Also, the large exposed basal plane with high surface area enables easy functionalizing with external chemical or physical atmosphere via covalent bonding to modify the properties. 44 shown in atomic force microscope (AFM) images (Figure 5B), the obtained HE CN-MXene exhibits a thickness of 1.2 nm. In addition to HE-MXenes, a series of HE van der Waals materials (dichalcogenides, halides, and phosphorus trisulfides) were reported by Qi et al 20 The thinnest area of as-prepared (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni)PS 3 nanosheet can reach to 2.5 nm, approximately the height of four stacking layers (Figure 5C).…”

Borophene as an emerging 2D flatland for biomedical applications: current challenges and future prospects

“…Besides graphene, which is an isotropic material, borophene exhibits high anisotropy due to its specific arrangement of B atoms in definite directions of its lattice structure. 42 Moreover, the electronic and transport properties of borophene mainly depend upon the direction of edge arrangement. The transition temperature for superconductivity of borophene is approximately 19 K and enhanced up to 27.4 K by the change in tensile strain, and up to 34.8 K due to an increase in hole doping comparable to previous results on its analog MgB 2 .…”