Recent advances in hard carbon anodes with high initial Coulombic efficiency for sodium-ion batteries

Wan, Yanhua; Liu, Yao; Chao, Dongliang; Li, Wei; Zhao, Dongyuan

doi:10.1016/j.nanoms.2022.02.001

Cited by 58 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…The largest challenge hindering practical applications of hard carbons as anode materials for SIBs is often considered to be its poor ICE [98]. The ICE of an electrode material is defined as the ratio of the 1st charge capacity to the 1st discharge capacity in a half-cell setup.…”

Section: Sei Layer and Its Impact On Icementioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and function of hard carbon negative electrodes for sodium-ion batteries

et al. 2022

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Practical utilisation of renewable energy from intermittent sustainable sources such as solar and wind relies on safe, reliable, cost-effective, and high-capacity energy storage systems to be incorporated in the grid. Among the most promising technologies aimed towards this application are sodium-ion batteries. Currently, hard carbon is the leading negative electrode material for sodium-ion batteries given its relatively good electrochemical performance and low cost. Furthermore, hard carbon can be produced from a diverse range of readily available waste and renewable biomass sources making this an ideal material for the circular economy. In facilitating future developments on the use of hard carbon-based electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries, this review curates several analytical techniques that have been useful in providing structure-property insight and stresses the need for overall assessment to be based on a combination of complementary techniques. It also emphasises several key challenges in the characterisation of hard carbons and how various in situ and operando techniques can help unravel those challenges by providing us with a better understanding of these systems during operation thereby allowing us to design high-performance hard carbon materials for next-generation batteries.

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Section: Sei Layer and Its Impact On Icementioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and function of hard carbon negative electrodes for sodium-ion batteries

et al. 2022

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“…A major boon for the cointercalation-based process is the high initial reversibility and, thereby, the high initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) compared to other systems such as HC, − alloying, and conversion-type anode materials. − Almost all of the full cells reported in the above works show an ICE > 85%, stabilizing at >98% (even ∼100% for some works) during cycling. The excellent ICE for graphite is due to the ether solvent’s electrochemical properties and the nature of the graphite–ether interface, which results in a thin and robust SEI layer without too much irreversible sodium consumption.…”

Section: Initial Irreversibility and Precyclingmentioning

confidence: 97%

Towards Commercialization of Graphite as an Anode for Na-ion Batteries: Evolution, Virtues, and Snags of Solvent Cointercalation

Subramanyan

Aravindan

2022

ACS Energy Lett.

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Sodium-ion storage in graphite through a solvent cointercalation mechanism is extremely robust regarding cycling stability, rate performance, and Coulombic efficiency. The graphite half cell has a low working voltage and high power density. The respectable capacity, even at high current rates, makes graphite in a glyme-based system a versatile energy storage device. This perspective comprehensively looks at graphite-based sodium-ion full cells and how they perform. Electrolyte composition, cathode working voltage, irreversibility, precycling, and high current performance are the key points to consider during full-cell fabrication. Some general factors to consider during the full-cell assembly are put forward in this perspective.

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“…Interestingly, the initial capacity loss observed during the first cycle is not significant, suggesting formation of a very stable SEI layer formed on the HC electrode [21]. In order to investigate this hypothesis further, XPS and NMR studies were performed and will be presented in the sections below.…”

Section: Comparison Of Electrochemical Performance Of [Hmg]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior to this set up, multiple variations of various mass loading electrodes were tested but unfortunately cells were failing after first charge-discharge cycle. HC was presodiated in order to avoid the irreversible capacity loss which could be a reason of cell failure [21,[62][63][64]. The operating voltage range was set up between 1 V and 4 V (vs. Na/Na + ).…”

Section: Na Metal|nfp Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, many previous reports, including the work of Sun et al [15], demonstrated a more stable SEI for ILs compared to organic electrolytes, resulting in better battery performance when using IL based electrolytes [17][18][19]. Unfortunately, a large inversible capacity loss is often observed for HC when used as an anode material for NIBs, which results in a severe decrease in the cell energy density [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical characterization of hexamethylguanidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide [HMG][FSI] based electrolyte and its application in sodium metal batteries

et al. 2022

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With the increasing energy demand for both electronic portable devices and energy storage for fluctuating renewable energy sources, there is a strong need for alternatives beyond lithium batteries. Sodium batteries have been attracting great attention recently due to the abundance and low supply cost of the raw materials. However, they require highly conductive, safe and electrochemically stable electrolytes in order to enable their practical realization. In this work we present the promising physicochemical properties of the electrolyte based on hexamethylguanidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide [HMG][FSI] at a sodium concentration of 25 mol% sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide (NaFSI). The liquid-state electrolyte supports stable Na plating and stripping at 1 h polarization times at 0.5 mA/cm2 current density in a Na symmetrical coin cell at 50 ℃, maintaining a low polarization potential of ≈ 45 mV throughout 160 cycles. Moreover, this electrolyte is characterized by relatively high Na-ion transference number of 0.36 ± 0.03 at 50 oC. A long cycle life of 300 cycles with 285 mAh/g is achieved in a half cell set up with hard carbon (HC). The SEI layer on the anode, which contributes to this high capacity, is investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The long-term cycling performance of Na|NaFePO4 (NFP) cell is also demonstrated with a high specific capacity of 106 mAh/g and 80% capacity retention after 110 cycles.

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Recent advances in hard carbon anodes with high initial Coulombic efficiency for sodium-ion batteries

Cited by 58 publications

References 128 publications

Structure and function of hard carbon negative electrodes for sodium-ion batteries

Structure and function of hard carbon negative electrodes for sodium-ion batteries

Towards Commercialization of Graphite as an Anode for Na-ion Batteries: Evolution, Virtues, and Snags of Solvent Cointercalation

Electrochemical characterization of hexamethylguanidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide [HMG][FSI] based electrolyte and its application in sodium metal batteries

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