Recent advances in fungal xenobiotic metabolism: enzymes and applications

Abstract

Fungi have been extensively studied for their capacity to biotransform a wide range of natural and xenobiotic compounds. This versatility is a reflection of the broad substrate specificity of fungal enzymes such as laccases, peroxidases and cytochromes P450, which are involved in these reactions. This review gives an account of recent advances in the understanding of fungal metabolism of drugs and pollutants such as dyes, agrochemicals and per- and poly-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS), and describes the key enzymes involved in xenobiotic biotransformation. The potential of fungi and their enzymes in the bioremediation of polluted environments and in the biocatalytic production of important compounds is also discussed.

Filamentous Fungi as Bioremediation Agents of Industrial Effluents: A Systematic Review

“…These enzymes can be of intracellular or extracellular origin and are capable of promoting biotransformation [68]. In this process, several reactions involving hydroxylation, aromatic ring fission, ether cleavage, oxidative coupling products, among others, result in the biotransformation of toxic products into smaller molecules, facilitating bioremediation [90,91].…”

Toward the development of a molecular toolkit for the microbial remediation of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances

“…In addition to following a similar catalytic cycle (e.g., HRP or LiP), MnP uses Mn 2+ ions as electron donors, wherein these ions are oxidized to Mn 3+ ions using H 2 O 2 . This oxidative transformation is a crucial step contributing to lignin degradation and activation of the ligninolytic system ( 134 , 141 ). Both LiP and MnP can oxidize a wide range of environmental pollutants such as phenolic and non-phenolic compounds, dyes, and xenobiotics ( 134 , 139 , 142 ).…”

Hazards Associated with the Combined Application of Fungicides and Poultry Litter in Agricultural Areas

“…Understanding how fungi interact with xenobiotics holds importance both for medical and environmental purposes [ 75 ]. Fungi’s ability to biodegrade chemicals offers opportunities for bioremediation, environmental protection, and potential applications in drug detoxification.…”

“…The utilization of fungi to biotransform and degrade pesticides offers an effective means of mitigating the environmental impact of these chemicals. Understanding the intricate interactions between fungi and xenobiotics is critical for multiple applications, ranging from drug production to environmental protection [ 75 ].…”

“…Fungi, renowned for their role in decomposing organic matter, have garnered extensive attention due to their bioremediation potential. They possess a range of enzymes that facilitate the transformation of diverse compounds [ 75 ]. Industrial compound production often involves the use of hazardous reagents, high temperatures, and pressures, resulting in a substantial environmental impact [ 78 ].…”