Recent advances in fire-retardant rigid polyurethane foam

Zhu, Menghe; Ma, Zhewen; Liu, Lei; Zhang, Jianzhong; Huo, Siqi; Song, Pingan

doi:10.1016/j.jmst.2021.09.062

Cited by 85 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…To verify this assumption, the gaseous pyrolysis products of DM-O (at 550 °C) were detected by Py-GC/MS (Figure S2), and the results indicate the existence of P/O- and N-containing compounds. The former rapidly produces PO • that can trap high-energy radicals (H • and HO • ). ,, As for the N-containing fragments, they can further decompose to release NH 3 that can dilute the fuel mixture. , The flame inhibition effect in the gas phase accounts for the excellent fire retardancy in PLA, including its high LOI value and UL-94 V-0 rating.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent-Free Synthesis of Organic–Inorganic Polyphosphoramide-Halloysite Nanohybrids for Thermally Stable and Fire-Resistant Polylactide

Feng

Xie

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Biodegradable and renewable polylactide (PLA) exhibits excellent mechanical properties but is prone to high flammability, limiting its application to textiles, electronics, and packaging. In PLA, polyphosphoramides have shown their exceptional fire-retardant properties, but their existing synthesis methods often involve toxic solvents. Despite high efficiency, recently, polyphosphoramides prepared via green synthesis led to a reduced thermal stability of PLA. Herein, we report a series of organic−inorganic hybridized polyphosphoramides-halloysite nanotube nanohybrids (DM-OHn) via a one-pot solvent-free copolymerization. The results show that addition of only 1.5 wt % DM-OH16 leads to a 5 °C increase in the initial decomposition temperature of PLA and enables the latter to achieve a desired UL-94 V-0 rating and a high limiting oxygen index (ca. 32.6%), in addition to a well-preserved tensile strength. This work provides an eco-benign green strategy for the design of organic−inorganic polyphosphoramides nanohybrids for creating fire-retarding PLA with improved thermal stability and preserved mechanical strength, which are expected to be used as sustainable fireproof bioplastics for industrial applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent-Free Synthesis of Organic–Inorganic Polyphosphoramide-Halloysite Nanohybrids for Thermally Stable and Fire-Resistant Polylactide

Feng

Xie

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…For this reason, much work needs to be carried out in the future from the following aspects. [156][157][158] (i) For the condensed-phase or dual-phases free-radical scavengers, it is essential to further unveil the correlation between flame retardancy and free-radical scavenging capability to resolve the lack of efficiency optimization, because it is prerequisite for the molecular design of high-efficient free-radical scavengers. Moreover, the interfacial compatibility of free-radical scavengers with the polymers determines the flame retardant efficiency, which is normally neglected during the design of free-radical capturers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their use often fails to enable the final polymeric (nano)composites to achieve desired fire‐retardant ratings, such as a UL‐94 V‐0 rating and/or an LOI value higher than 26% unless after functionalization or in combination with traditional fire retardants. For this reason, much work needs to be carried out in the future from the following aspects 156–158 For the condensed‐phase or dual‐phases free‐radical scavengers, it is essential to further unveil the correlation between flame retardancy and free‐radical scavenging capability to resolve the lack of efficiency optimization, because it is prerequisite for the molecular design of high‐efficient free‐radical scavengers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in fire‐retardant carbon‐based polymeric nanocomposites through fighting free radicals

Sai

Ran

Guo

et al. 2022

SusMat

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Polymeric materials are ubiquitously utilized in modern society and continuously improve quality of life. Unfortunately, most of them suffer from intrinsic flammability, significantly limiting their practical applications. Fundamentally, free-radical reaction is a critical "trigger" for their thermal pyrolysis and following combustion process regardless of the anaerobic thermal pyrolysis in the condensed phase or aerobic combustion of polymers in the gaseous phase. The addition of free radical scavengers represents a promising and effective means to enhance the fire safety of polymeric materials. This review aims to offer a state-ofthe-art overview on the creation of fire-retardant polymeric nanocomposites by adding fire retardants with an ability to trap free radicals. Their specific modes of action (condensed-phase action, gaseous-phase action, and dual-phases action) and performances in some typical polymers are reviewed and discussed in detail.Following this, some key challenges associated with these free-radical capturers are discussed, and design strategies are also proposed. This review provides some insights into the modes of action of free radical capturing agents and paves the avenue for the design of advanced fire-retardant polymeric nanocomposites for expanded real-world applications in industries.

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“…Several scientists provided excellent summaries of RPUF [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. For example, a review of the state-of-the-art design of RPUF was conducted by Zhu et al [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several scientists provided excellent summaries of RPUF [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. For example, a review of the state-of-the-art design of RPUF was conducted by Zhu et al [ 21 ]. They summarized the reactive-, additive-, and coating-type flame retardants for RPUF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis of Flame-Retardant Rigid Polyurethane Foam from 1963 to 2021

et al. 2022

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Flame-retardant science and technology are sciences developed to prevent the occurrence of fire, meet the needs of social safety production, and protect people’s lives and property. Rigid polyurethane (PU) is a polymer formed by the additional polymerization reaction of a molecule with two or more isocyanate functional groups with a polyol containing two or more reactive hydroxyl groups under a suitable catalyst and in an appropriate ratio. Rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) is a foam-like material with a large contact area with oxygen when burning, resulting in rapid combustion. At the same time, RPUF produces a lot of toxic gases when burning and endangers human health. Improving the flame-retardant properties of RPUF is an important theme in flame-retardant science and technology. This review discusses the development of flame-retardant RPUF through the lens of bibliometrics. A total of 194 articles are analyzed, spanning from 1963 to 2021. We describe the development and focus of this theme at different stages. The various directions of this theme are discussed through keyword co-occurrence and clustering analysis. Finally, we provide reasonable perspectives about the future research direction of this theme based on the bibliometric results.

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Recent advances in fire-retardant rigid polyurethane foam

Cited by 85 publications

References 119 publications

Solvent-Free Synthesis of Organic–Inorganic Polyphosphoramide-Halloysite Nanohybrids for Thermally Stable and Fire-Resistant Polylactide

Solvent-Free Synthesis of Organic–Inorganic Polyphosphoramide-Halloysite Nanohybrids for Thermally Stable and Fire-Resistant Polylactide

Recent advances in fire‐retardant carbon‐based polymeric nanocomposites through fighting free radicals

A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis of Flame-Retardant Rigid Polyurethane Foam from 1963 to 2021

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